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Explain The Three Main Processes Involved In Human Memory

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1. In your own words, describe the three processes of memory.

The three main processes involved in human memory are encoding, storage and retrieval. Encoding involves adapting information so that it can be placed in memory;
To do this, we use visual, acoustic and semantic codes. Storage is the maintenance of information over time. There are two ways to attempt to store information in one’s memory, maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal. Maintenance rehearsal is mental repetition to retain information and elaborate rehearsal is when we relate new information to information we already know, to store it in our memory. The last process of memory is retrieval, which includes locating the information and returning it to our consciousness. Retrieval attempts may be difficult or unsuccessful depending on the information.

2. List the three stages of memory and describe how they fit together.
The three stages of memory are sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. …show more content…

Sensory memory can disappear quickly but lasts long enough so that sequences of perceptions are psychologically unbroken. It is believed that we have a sensory register for each sense. For visual stimuli the mental representations are called icons, and for sounds they are called echoes. Short-term memory (also called working memory) is the stage that holds information for up to one minute after the trace of the stimulus deteriorates. The introduction of new information displaces the old information, in short-term memory. The last stage, long--term memory, is capable of fairly permanent storage, ranging from a few days to years. There is no evidence that displacement occurs in long-term

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Decay occurs when information is not “rehearsed” or contemplated. Displacement occurs when old memories are replaced by new memories. Interference can be proactive or retroactive. Proactive interference occurs when old memories interfere with new ones, while retroactive interference occurs when new information distorts previously existing memories. Long term memory (LTM) is limitless in capacity and length of accessible time.

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Imperialism played a major role among powerful countries as it served as a method to feed them power they desired. Powerful countries such as the United States and Great Britain had a strong desire for more resources. These additional materials would give them power that could potentially crown one of them as the most powerful country. Thus, the desire to gain more resources and technology, as well as the desire to increase influence and become stronger served as major causes of imperialism in the 1890s to the 1910s. One major cause of imperialism was competition between powerful countries.

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Visual sensory memory is called iconic memory; auditory sensory memory is called echoic memory. Some of the information in sensory memory transfers to short-term memory, which can hold information for approximately twenty seconds. Rehearsing can help keep information in short-term memory longer. When people repeat a new phone number over and over to themselves, they are rehearsing it and keeping it in short-term

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They are called, Long term memory and Short term memory/working memory. With Long term memory, you are able to remember things from your past and past events as well as key terms that you may have learned in the past. An example of this in my life would be, remembering knowledge that I first learned in school and still being able to remember it, such as my multiplication table. The second one, Short term memory/working memory would be used when you are only remembering some information and using it for a short time frame. Working memory would be when you are using both short term and long term to do sudden actions.

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A study that exemplifies forgetting is Millner & Scoville (1957) study on H.M. They found out that H.M could no longer be able to form new memories because the hippocampus is needed to transfer short-term memories into long-term memories. Since H.M is no longer able to form new memories, he suffers from anterograde amnesia. (Millner & Scoville,

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There are two types of long term memory declarative and procedural. Longterm declarative memory is stored in the hippocampus of the brain, any damage to this part of the brain would cause one the inability to form new memories. Procedure memories are stored in the cerebellum (Parts of Brain 2015) . Working memory and the ability to retrieve information is in the prefrontal cortex. Also in the prefrontal lobe, different parts than the working memory, is the semantic and episodic memory.

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Although on the surface, the element of memory in the study of psychology may seem basic and rudimentary, the depths of memory are essentially, untapped. To truly understand the depths of memory, one must understand the storage of memory, the recollection of memory, and the processes of sharing memories. In order to obtain a better understanding of the subject matter, the examination of the independent documentary, Stories We Tell, was applied. Memory is also conceptualized into types, stages, and processes. These principles were measured in the lucrative and thorough examination of a childhood memory.

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Lastly the retrieval stage is when we try to recall the information that we had previously stored. These three stages provide a basic outline to how we gather and maintain memory. However memory can be broken down into 3 separate sub categories that depends on the

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How reliable are the two models or theories of the cognitive process of memory, “|…|the process of maintaining information over time” (Matlin, 2005) , known as the multistore model (MSM) and the levels of processing model (LOP)? Both of these models have been widely criticized, but simultaneously they have improved our knowledge and understanding of how the process of memory works. In this essay both of these models of memory will be evaluated by presenting the strengths and limitations of each. The first model, the multistore model, was put forward by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) which suggests that the concept of memory involves three stores; the sensory stores, the short-term store (STS), and the long-term store (LTS).

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It “records” an event and then proceeds to store it. Then when you remember the event, it’s kind of like replaying it like you would a video tape. But that’s not how your brain actually works at all. Your brain takes information and tries to make sense of it. Then, it tries to organize the information.

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If information stored in the short-term memory is not learned and given attention, it will decay over time (Schunk 2012, p. 183). The short-term memory has a small capacity, and large amounts of information cannot all be stored (Schunk 2012, p. 183). To make it esier, information can be shortened or broken up to fit it in the short-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). Information that is used will be transferred into the long-term store/ long-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). There are different strategies to strengthen the memory of information from short-term to long-term.

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Introduction According to information processing model, short term memory has a limited capacity to hold information (Atkinson & Shriffin, 1968). The span of short term memory is said to be limited to about seven items (+2) (Miller, 1956 as cited in Terry, 2000). Short-term memory is also an active memory where we do our active memory processing (Lefrancois, 2000). For this reason, several researches have called the short term memory the working memory store (Gordon, 1989).

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Then it is stored, when the encoded memory is distributed and stored in the brain. Finally, in retrieval the brain re-accesses the events or information from the past which have been encoded and stored. There are four, main categories of memory: Short-Term Memory can hold information up to 20 seconds and has a limited storage capacity. Long-Term Memory encodes new memories and |helps to recall other short-term memories.

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This can last for days and even decades. There are two types of memory in Long Term Memory. One of them is declarative memory. It is in the conscious minds.

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