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Four Phases Of Emergency Management

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Mitigation is the bases of emergency management. It is the effort to lessen the impact that disasters have on people and property. Mitigation can be defined as an action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.). Mitigation attempts to prevent hazards from developing into disasters. It is different from the other three phases of emergency management because it focuses on long-term measures to reduce or eliminate risk. Mitigation strategies are implemented as a part of the recovery process when applied after a disaster occurs (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.). The public sector can enhance mitigation by encouraging people to buy flood …show more content…

It is a continual form of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluation, and improvement that will ensure effective coordination and enhancement of capabilities to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from and, mitigate the effects of natural disasters, man-made disasters and, acts of terrorism (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.). Emergency managers develop plans to manage and counter the risks and act to build the needed capabilities to implement the plans (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.) The public sector can enhance preparedness by making sure proper maintenance and training is given to all emergency services, by developing emergency population warning methods, by preparing shelters and evacuation plans for communities and, by stockpiling, inventory, and maintain disaster supplies and equipment (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.) Some of the benefits of preparedness would be having better trained emergency personnel, allow the public to be educated in emergencies, having better vehicles and equipment and, by developing and maintain better communication systems (Four phases of emergency management, …show more content…

It often includes the first wave of core emergency services such as firefighters, police and, ambulance crews (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.). Response is the actions taken to save lives and prevent further damage in a disaster situation. It is putting preparedness plans into action. It often includes damage assessment, search and rescue, firefighting and, sheltering the victims (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.). The public sector can enhance response by making sure local police and sheriff’s departments are aware of exit plans for cities and towns, by making sure hospitals and other emergency first responders know how to quickly implement a response team, by making sure all responders are trained and aware of the preparedness plans (The four phases of emergency management, n.d.). Some of the benefits of response would be to provide citizens with better medical care, highly trained fire fighters, a up to date search and rescue system, an updated recovery and lifeline service including restorative power outages (Four phases of emergency management,

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Finally on this note, the Federal Response Plan (FRP) has been revised into the National Response Plan (NRP). Many of the positive features of the FRP have been retained in the NRP but the focus has been shifted dramatically to responding to a terrorist attack and in doing so, the role of the Federal government has been altered dramatically. The NRP places the lead role in responding to major disasters, terrorist attack or natural disaster, in the hands of Federal officials. In fact, the Federal government now has the authority to respond to an event in a State without a request by the Governor. This alters the traditional role of the Federal government, through the FRP, supporting the actions of State and local government.

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Personnel and equipment come into the devastated area from all over the country, as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands” (Bell, 2006, p. 26). 2005 brought the largest national response to natural disasters. Hurricane’s Katrina and Rita affected numerous states. The states affected were unable to help themselves, as would be responders were now victims. In addition to the lack of responders, the local infrastructure was decimated and local and state officials were unable to respond.

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Stage two entails being prepared and planning. All communities should have a handbook that indicates who has the authority, communication, control, coordination of personnel, supplies, evacuation, rescue and care of the dead (Nies & McEwen, 2015. The nurse can work collaboratively with the emergency authorities to ensure tornado warnings broadcasted and safety measures implemented. The community nurse’s role is to prioritize the most vulnerable groups such as the older crowd, the homeless, individuals with disabilities, the sick and the poor so that they are evacuated to a safe area, followed by public. Stage three is the response stage and the most critical phase of the disaster.

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For instance, “If you want your boss to do you a favor, you don 't say, "I 'll need this by Monday. " You mitigate. You say, "Don 't bother, if it 's too much trouble, but if you have a chance to look at this over the weekend, that would be wonderful." In a situation like that, mitigation is entirely appropriate (Gladwell, 2008, pg.194).” Hence, Korean Air’s had lots of planes crashed such as

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The National Preparedness System “outlines an organized process for everyone” and consists of six parts (National preparedness system, n.d.). These parts identify and assess risk, estimate and determine the capabilities and activities necessary to confront the situations, consider the best way to use resources to build capabilities, prepare, plan and deliver for each part of a community, validate capabilities, and finally review and update when necessary (id.). There are systems in place to do this including the Strategic National Risk Assessment, the State Emergency Operations Plans, the National Incident Management System, the Remedial Action Management Program, and the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

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As per that subsequent disaster, floods can now be prevented by forming a management committee set to prevent that from happenings in every county, they say prevention is better than cure and so the government is coming up with measures to control floods. This is done by sensitizing people who live on lower grounds to move to higher grounds to prevent landslides, digging dykes and also educating citizens on disaster

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After the September 11 attacks in 2001, FEMA’s mission to respond to natural disasters became more complicated. At the state and local level, focus was put on terrorist attacks. During the time that Katrina hit, disaster responses plans were focused on, and being developed for terrorist attacks. Natural disaster response plans were not given the same attention. The fictional Hurricane Pam exercises funding was cut short after $850,000 was spent on the exercise.

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People could let first responders know of any dangerous or minor situation. An example would be someone being shot in an active shot out. If the ambulance were to ever respond first they would know not to go in the area until there is a cease fire, or the police come in to handle the situation. The knowledge of what is going on prevents injury or death of the first responders. This would go for any first responder so they could be well equipped for the situation.

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Crisis Response versus Prevention. Community needs Crisis Response and prevention programs. Crisis response centers and mobile crisis teams address the crisis. Agencies and programs offer a variety of services such as individual and group therapy, health promotions to individuals and communities to help maintain stabilization and prevent the crisis from re-occurring.

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Emergency management describes the process of preparing for disasters, responding to their occurrence and putting in place both structural and nonstructural measures to mitigate against them. Emergency management has come a long way in terms of evolution in the United States of America. In terms of evolution, there have been a number of changes with evidence in shift from state to federal and local involvement in disaster management. This paper will thus discuss the evolution of emergency management as well as the lessons that have come as a result of this evolution. The evolution can be traced back to the biblical times, Moses himself tried to manage floods by splitting the Red Sea (George et al, p. 1).

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Though the community only has a small effect on the overall picture, they are the most vulnerable to all disasters and threats. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the community to prepare one another and assess the potential risks and hazards within their community in addition to what steps are needed to address the issues. It is this preemptive response and planning, especially in locations with historically reoccurring hazards that reduce the disaster effects and overall cost. This community-based effort conducted by community groups has the, “potential to make a significant and long-lasting contributions to reducing local vulnerability and strengthening adaptive capacities” (Allen, 2006, p. 97). One example of a community-organized group is Community Emergency Response Teams or CERT.

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