ipl-logo

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, And Ph

983 Words4 Pages

Chapter 2 Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, and pH
1. Cells that make up complex living things do what they do because of a chemical reaction
2. Repulsion & bonding, latching on & re-forming, depositing & breaking down what makes people plants and birds function at this level is chemistry
2.1 Chemistry’s Building Block: The Atom 1. Matter could defined as anything that takes up space and has a mass 2. Mass it’s a measure of matter in any given object 3. Atom are composed of tiny pieces of matter composed of constituent parts A: Protons. Neutrons and Electrons
1. Protons (positive charge) combined to form an atom
2. Neutron (no charge) combined to form an atom
3. Electrons (negative charge) combined to form an atom
4. Protons …show more content…

2 electrons are required to fill the first energy level (or shell) of any given atom, but 8 are required to fill all the levels thereafter (in most of the elements that make up the living world).
A. Chemical Bonding in One Instance: Water
1. Covalent bond is a chemical bond in which atoms share a pair of electrons
2. The law of conservation of mass states that the matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
B. What is Molecule
1. Molecule is an entity consisting of a defined number of atoms covalently bonded together C: Covalent Polar and Nonpolar Bonding
1. Electronegativity power to attract electrons to itself
2. Polarity shared electrons get pull away difference in electrical charge at one end as opposed to the other end
2.3 The Ionic Bond
1. Ionic bonding when the electronegativity differences between 2 atoms were so extreme that the electrons were pulled off 1 atom only to latch on to the atom that was attracting them
A: What is an Ion?
1. Ion is a changed atom or an atom with the number of electrons different from it number of protons
2. Ionic bonding is the chemical bonding in which 2 or more ions are linked by virtue of its opposite charge
3. Ionic compound is a collection of atoms of 2 or more elements that have become lined through ionic bonding
2.4 The Hydrogen …show more content…

Solution is a mixture of 2 or more kinds of molecules or atoms or ions that is homogenous (meaning uniform throughout)
2. Solute is what is being dissolved
3. Solvent is doing the dissolving B: Water’s Unusual Properties
1. Moderating Temperature: Specific Heat
A. Specific Heat is the amount of energy required to rise the temperature of a substance 1 Celsius degree C: Hydrophobic & Hydrophilic Molecules
1. Hydrocarbons made up of solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms
2. Hydrophilic is water loving and are compounds that will interact with water
3. Hydrophobic is water fearing and compounds that do not interact with water
2.7 Acids and Bases
1. Acid is any substance that yields hydrogen ions when put in water solutions
2. Base is any substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water solutions A: Ranking Substance on the pH Scale
1. pH Scale is the scale used by scientist measuring the relative acidity of a substance B: Some pH Terminology
1. When a solution becomes more basic, the pH rises. Therefore the higher the pH, the more basic the solution: the lower the pH, the more acid in the solution. Oven cleaner is said to have high pH balance while lemon juice has a low pH

Show More
Related
575 Words | 3 Pages

Question # 1: Part A How many electrons and protons in an atom of vanadium? Answer # 1: Atomic number = number of protons = 23 Mass number = number of protons + neutrons Mass number = 51 g/mole Number of neutrons = 51-23 Number of Neutrons = 28 Number of electrons = atomic number = 23 Question

Read More
467 Words | 2 Pages

Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share pairs of electrons. Another type of bonding is called a metallic bond. A metal bond is different form covalent and ionic bonds,

Read More
415 Words | 2 Pages

Covalent bonding - Covalent bonding is when two atoms share electrons this can only occur between two non-metals. They share electrons to fill up their outer shells, this makes the atoms stable. A Covalent bond can form up to one to three Covalent bonds with non-metals depending on how much electrons they possess. They don't always share electrons

Read More
206 Words | 1 Pages

Salinity is the measure of all the salts dissolved in water

Read More
144 Words | 1 Pages

But when they join with other atoms, like oxygen in the air, they form molecules. “In the year of 1837 and so forth, the pennies were made of copper, tin and zinc. Now, current

Read More
526 Words | 3 Pages

Somalie Prak LIBS 4960 Dr. Katie Olivant Chemistry Chemistry is a study of fundamentals of inorganic chemistry. This course is designed to provide you with basic understanding of chemistry and prepare you for more advanced chemistry courses. One concept that I learned in this course was the Atomic Theory. This theory suggests that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles that are called atoms. Atoms can be defined as the basic unit of a chemical element or the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects such as a chair, or a table.

Read More
375 Words | 2 Pages

Atoms DBQ Atoms make up every object , substance, and material we know of(O.I). An atom is the smallest particle an element can be divided into. An atom has a complex structure, and the knowledge we have of it has changed many times throughout history. This tiny maze of parts has helped us learn important ideas about the structure and study of microscopic particles(O.I).

Read More
874 Words | 4 Pages

An atom is the

Read More
627 Words | 3 Pages

An atom by definition as said by Webster dictionary is “The smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule.” Before we had any of this knowledge, many of philosophers and many of scientists worked on the idea of atom. One of the earliest philosopher that studied Atoms was Democritus. Democritus was very influential Ancient Greek philosopher. He was the one who created the Atomic Theory, but he didn’t create it himself, it was his mentor’s idea, which he made famous.

Read More
650 Words | 3 Pages

Many of the substances that exist in the universe are a result of chemical reactions involving bonding. Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen bonding are essential to the formation of the world that we know today. The first type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to the next. This type of bond is known as Ionic bond and occurs between a metal and a nonmetal atom. These bonds are typically stronger than covalent bonds and involve atoms that have a large difference in their electronegativity or their ability to attract electrons.

Read More
993 Words | 4 Pages

All elements are made of atoms, but it is the structure and arrangement of these atoms which determine the specific element, isotope and state. Each atoms is comprised protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and the neutrons form the nucleus of the atom whilst the electrons orbit this nucleus in ‘shells’. The number of protons determine the element, the neutrons the isotope, and the electrons the charge. These atoms can be bonded together in one of three ways.

Read More
902 Words | 4 Pages

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also

Read More
1001 Words | 5 Pages

Acids are proton donors in chemical reactions which increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution while bases are proton acceptors in reactions which reduce the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. Therefore, an acidic solution has more hydrogen ions than a basic solution; and basic solution has more hydroxide ions than an acidic solution. Acid substances taste sour. They have a pH lower than 7 and turns blue litmus paper into red. Meanwhile, bases are slippery and taste bitter.

Read More
1226 Words | 5 Pages

The extra protons were thought to provide the extra atomic mass, while the additional electrons would cancel out their positive charge, leaving the atom electrically neutral. Eventually, however, calculations using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle showed it was not possible for electrons to be contained in the nucleus. There were other ideas. Ernest Rutherford in 1921 postulated a particle called the “neutron,” having a similar mass as a proton but electrically neutral. Rutherford imagined a paired proton and electron somehow joined in one particle.

Read More
815 Words | 4 Pages

INTRODUCTION Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70% of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world.

Read More

More about Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, And Ph

Related Topics

Open Document