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Libs 4960 Atomic Theory

526 Words3 Pages

Somalie Prak
LIBS 4960
Dr. Katie Olivant
Chemistry
Chemistry is a study of fundamentals of inorganic chemistry. This course is designed to provide you with basic understanding of chemistry and prepare you for more advanced chemistry courses.
One concept that I learned in this course was the Atomic Theory. This theory suggests that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles that are called atoms. Atoms can be defined as the basic unit of a chemical element or the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects such as a chair, or a table. Atoms are made up of three basic components: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. The proton particle carries a positive charge while the neutrons carry no charge(neutral). When combined, the protons and neutrons make up the central part of the atom also known as the nucleus. The electrons carry a negative charge and its role is to circle around the nucleus. Each atom also has a unique number of both protons and neutrons that is known as the atomic number. There are 90 natural occurring atoms along with 25 other man-made ones. This totals up to 115 atoms that make up the elements in the periodic table. …show more content…

A nucleus of an atom is accompanied by several electron shells that orbits around it. Each shell is only allowed a certain number of electrons. The first layer can hold 2, the second layer can hold 8, and the third layer can hold 18 electrons. All atoms prefer a full outer shell, however only noble gases hold them. This causes atoms to either give up or gain electrons from other atoms they encounter to have a full outer shell. The electrons on the outer shell are called valence electrons and are the ones who form chemical bonds with other

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Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share pairs of electrons. Another type of bonding is called a metallic bond. A metal bond is different form covalent and ionic bonds,

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Covalent bonding - Covalent bonding is when two atoms share electrons this can only occur between two non-metals. They share electrons to fill up their outer shells, this makes the atoms stable. A Covalent bond can form up to one to three Covalent bonds with non-metals depending on how much electrons they possess. They don't always share electrons

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As the size of the radii atomic increased the further away the electron got from the nucleus. This also reduces the electrostatics attraction between the electron and the nucleus which means the electrons becomes more reactive. Therefore the reactions while going doing the list of group 1 elements increase.

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Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter(Doc.3). These small particles have a nucleus and a certain number of protons ,neutrons ,and electrons(O.I). The number of protons is independent to the element, and can be used to find it on the periodic table(Doc.2). Protons are positively charged particles(Doc.3).

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Ionization Energy We can also analyze other data sources to get a complete model of an atom. We can obtain data from ionization energy. Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the loosely bound electrons, valence electrons, from a gaseous atom to form a cation. Ionization energy data gives us information on nuclear charge and colombic effects, and the rationale of some chemical behaviors of elements within the columns of a periodic table. Nuclear charge is the total charge of all protons, the coulombic effects is the attractions between the positive and negative charges.

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