U4a 1 Study Guide

Kaydyn Dillbeck
IDLA
Physical Science
10/26/14
Questions for U4A1
Section 1:
1. Kinetic molecular theory- used to explain the behavior of gases and is based upon the following postulates:
• Gases are composed of a many particles that behave like hard spherical objects in a state of constant, random motion.
• These particles move in a straight line until they collide with another particle or the walls of the container.
• These particles are much smaller than the distance between particles, therefore the volume of a gas is mostly empty space and the volume of the gas molecule themselves is negligible.
• There is no force of attraction between gas particles or between the particles and the walls of the container.
• Collisions between

Matter is made up of atoms; atoms are made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons.
3. The measure of space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves.
4. The motions for:
• Solid- are not able to move out of their positions relative to one another, but do have small vibrational movements.
• Liquid- is able to move past each other.
• Gas- move quickly and are able to spread apart from one another.
5. Bulb thermometers contain mercury and/or alcohol. Mercury and alcohol grow when the temperature is heated and shrink when it cools. The liquid contained inside has no choice but to move upward and downward as the temperature creates the substances to grow or shrink.
6. Thermometers have a large bulb and a narrow tube to accentuate the change in volume.
1. Fahrenheit-
• Used in the United States
• 32 degrees is the freezing point of liquids
• 212 degrees is the boiling point of

Radiation- the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
13. Sunlight is a form of radiation that is radiated through space to our planet without the aid of fluids.
14. The sun transfers heat through radiation of space.
15. Conduction is not responsible for bringing heat to Earth because there are no liquids in space.
16. Radiation brings heat to our planet.
17. Radiometer- an instrument for detecting or measuring the intensity or force of radiation.
18. Thermal creep- more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods, and generally increases as they near their melting point.
19. Heat escapes quickly from the black sides of the vanes. Thus, the black molecules cool off first. Meanwhile, the white molecules take longer to lose heat and cool down. The result is that gases from the white vane push off with more force (Newton's third law) and the vanes spin in the opposite direction.
20. 10 things:
1) Furnace- keeping it clean
2) Thermostat- lower the heat 4-5 degrees while sleeping or if no one is home
3) Laundry- run with cold water
4) Door frames- sealant or caulk around the crack
5) Windows- plastic window cover to trap in