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Gender Representation In Tess Of The D Urbervilles

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Recommended: The history of the portrayal of women in literature

The discussion of gender and sexual representation in literature has ancestral references that go back to the classical period of Greece. There we can find works like The Bacchae tragedy of Euripides and Lysistrata comedy of Aristophanes. However, it was not until the XVIII century that a systematic insurgency of women's rights began, headed by Mary Wollstonecraft. In 1792, this British author publishes A vindication of the rights of woman, which discusses that women must have an education commensurate with their position in society. In the XIX century, Thomas Hardy brings the gender issue to Tess of the d'Urbervilles, showing that the condition of women in Victorian England brings unique implications to their trajectory as an individual. The women in Tess of the d'Urbervilles are, in general, submissive to the patriarchal order of society. The supremacy of man over woman in life dramatises the crisis of values in Tess of the d'Urbervilles, placing the heroine, Tess, at the mercy of the masculine judgment. Tess is a victim of male prepotency. She succumbs to the abuses of Alec d'Urberville and afterwards adopts a servile posture towards her husband, even after being godforsaken and banned from social life. The crisis of values is then dramatised by the hierarchical relationship established between the characters and their social position. As a result, this …show more content…

Throughout the plot Alec and Angel have the power of changing the way society assesses the central character moral standards. They are the symbols of the patriarchal power, imposing their will and judgments. However, the heroine at the end of the novel will categorically reject the Victorian rules and will act individually and not in an expected way as a Victorian female lead. At this stage, the storyteller chooses for the first time the distancing effect, i.e., he does not express what is going on in Tess's

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Thomas Hardy also has strong opinions about the roles of women in the nineteenth century. His novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles challenges the thought that women are incapable of making their own decisions and being independent. Hardy utilizes indirect characterization and symbolism to convince the reader that society’s restrictions on women are oppressive and

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During this period, many women authors came about. Therefore we see many works that include the struggles of gender roles in society. According to Stereotypes and Gender Roles, “Gender roles refer to the role or behaviors learned by a person as appropriate to their gender and are determined by the dominant cultural norms”(Worthy et al.). At this time women took on the expectation of early marriage and motherhood while men took on the expectation of working and providing for the family.

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During the late eighteenth century, the world experiences the chaos of the French Revolution. The Enlightenment proclaims that men have natural rights; therefore, people grew angry with oppressive monarchs ultimately leading to revolution. Enlightenment thinkers apply rational thinking to the rights of men, and during the Romantic period people advocate for more rights for all people. In 1789, French revolutionaries proclaim the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which gives equality and civil rights to men in France. In 1792, a woman by the name of Mary Wollstonecraft extends these ideas of natural rights to women in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

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Throughout "The Rights of Women," Mary Wollstonecraft carefully constructs her ethos to convince her readers of her authority on the subject matter. She begins by acknowledging her limitations, stating that she is not seeking to establish herself as an extraordinary writer but as a rational thinker with a genuine concern for the welfare of her fellow women. This humility allows her to connect with the reader and establish a shared humanity. Wollstonecraft also draws on her life experiences and intellectual capabilities to emphasize her understanding of the challenges faced by women. Her struggles with limited educational opportunities and societal expectations of women inform her arguments, making her advocacy personal and relatable.

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It may skew her thinking and at times be subjective. The intended audience is someone who is studying literature and interested in how women are portrayed in novels in the 19th century. The organization of the article allows anyone to be capable of reading it.

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They are also similar in their treatment of Tess and how they view her. Alec views her as a object and she is “like a puppet” to him and also calls himself her master. Angel also sees Tess as an object and falls in love with an idealized Tess. Angel and Alec dress Tess up making her like a doll or an object they can change. Their love of Tess may differ, but their actions show how similar

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In the book of vindication of the right of a woman, Wollstonecraft brings out clearly the roles of a woman in her society and how it has led to oppression of women (Wollstonecraft 22). Wollstonecraft believes that men and women are equal given the same environment and empowerment, women can do anything a man can do. In her society, education for women is only aimed at making her look pleasing to men. Women are treated as inferior being and used by men as sex objects. Wollstonecraft believed that the quality of mind of women is the same with that of men, and therefore women should not be denied a chance for formal education that will empower them to be equal with men.

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Mary Wollstonecraft’s A vindication of the rights of women written in 1792 can be considered one of the first feminist documents, although the term appeared much later in history. In this essay, Wollstonecraft debates the role of women and their education. Having read different thinkers of the Enlightenment, as Milton, Lord Bacon, Rousseau, John Gregory and others, she finds their points of view interesting and at the same time contrary to values of the Enlightenment when they deal with women’s place. Mary Wollstonecraft uses the ideas of the Enlightenment to demand equal education for men and women. I will mention how ideals of the Enlightenment are used in favor of men but not of women and explain how Wollstonecraft support her “vindication” of the rights of women using those contradictions.

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Throughout this text, Wollstonecraft discusses how close-minded society was about women and equality. She describes society as being under the impression that women and men were two different animals. Society also believed that men were free and logical thinkers that could rule and change society while women were seen as pretty objects that could bear children. Wollstonecraft’s feminist view discusses that the problem was not only men inhibiting women, but women themselves were also not pushing against the ideology that men were superior. She continues to explain her new feminist ideology that discusses changes in society that would create equality.

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Wollstonecraft argues for the rights of women in her A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects. She opposes that only men can receive education. Women are taught by their mother the knowledge of human weakness, “cunning, softness of temper, outward obedience, and a scrupulous attention to a puerile kind of propriety” (2.2). They should be beautiful, then men will protect them. Wollstonecraft argues that women focus on being beautiful and stay indoors, they can’t really run reason because they depend on men.

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From the outset, literature and all forms of art have been used to express their author’s feelings, opinions, ideas, and believes. Accordingly, many authors have resorted to their writing to express their feminist ideas, but first we must define what feminism is. According to the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, feminism is “the belief that women should be allowed the same rights, power, and opportunities as men and be treated in the same way, or the set of activities intended to achieve this state”. As early as the fifteenth century is possible to find feminist writings. Centuries later, and although she never referred to herself as one, the famous English writer Virginia Woolf became one of the greatest feminist writers of the twentieth

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More aptly, that “sexuality is equated with spirituality”, engendering his belief that Tess “belongs” to Alec since she has been physically “possessed” by him. Angel refuses to consummate marriage as “while that man lives”, Angel and Tess could not live together. Angel’s ethereal idealizations enact an immense pressure upon Tess to internalise the male preconceptions of women, to view herself as “wicked”. Recognizing herself in the image Angel constructed for her, Tess behaves accordingly by murdering Alec, motivated by an inherited sexist ideology that reunion with Angel is only possible if Tess’ possessor dies. Thus, Tess’ fall is caused more by the perceived crime of lost chastity than the act of rape itself.

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Rebecca West once said, “I myself have never been able to find out precisely what feminism is: I only know that people call me a feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat”; feminism and other social issues are fundamental to literature, with them commonly being a driving force behind both modern and classic works of fiction. Feminism is everywhere, with women still fighting for gender equality in modern day Britain as demonstrated through Emma Watson’s United Nations speech which was broadcasted in September of 2014 where she differentiates feminism from ‘man-hating’. Feminism has developed considerably over time as general attitudes have been swayed through literature, political movements and women’s portrayal of themselves. In 1847, Charlotte Bronte released her novel ‘Jane Eyre’ which was viewed as very radical for its time as Bronte uses Jane to exhibit her resentment towards society. Jane is presented as a morally strong, determined character who, when she falls in love, embraces the notion instead of the label and profits which are associated with it; she states that she “cares for [her]self” and that “more unsustained [she is], the more [she] will respect [her]self” as she is not tempted away from her self-respect.

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Rosemarie Morgan thinks that continuous censure, criticism and frustration is precisely what increased his sympathy towards women who were coerced to conform to the men 's world (Morgan, 2006, p.15). This chapter of the paper makes an attempt to discuss the importance and the influence that the society with its prejudices had on the portrayal of women in the novel, with special focus on the protagonist Tess of the d 'Urbervilles. Social influences and prejudices include the oppression that Tess receives from her family, the church 's denial of a proper burial for her baby, and the society 's judgments on being a mother of an illegitimate child. The second one is gender restraints, illustrated through male

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