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Gender Socialization Part II: Annotated Bibliography

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Gender Socialization Part II: Annotated Bibliography on Parenting and Gender Roles, H0mosexuality, Feminist among African American Male. Loiacano, D. K. (1989). Gay identity issues among Black Americans: Racism, homophobia, and the need for validation. Journal of Counseling & Development, 68(1), 21-25. Loiacano, (1989) is a small glimpse into the homophobia identity issues that plagues the African American community. The article reveals the racism that gay men and women deal with within the black culture. It speaks on, an unspoken action that is ignored in the African American community. Lorde (1984) speaks about the African American women smuggles as a lesbian, Icard (1986) speaks no how the African American male is seen an inferior. Loiacano …show more content…

Whitehead, T. L., Peterson, J., & Kaljee, L. (1994). The" hustle": Socioeconomic deprivation, urban drug trafficking, and low-income, African-American male gender identity. Pediatrics, 93(6), 1050-1054. Whitehead (1994) associate the word “Hustle” to the very heart of the mescaline within the African American male community. The word hustle is and will always be embedded in the black community. As young black males the word little-man intertwine with hustle, Whitehead (1994) shows how young drug dealers fights to establish their right-of-passage to do whatever to become the “Big Man”. The problem with trying to be the “Big Man” this was leading to the increasing of homicide among young black men between the ages of 15-34 (whitehead, 1994). This was a historical pattern of limited education and a limited job rewarding system to the African American male in the 1980’s. African American males was seeking to live the life as the counter-part the white male that was awarded education and the jobs. Crack allowed the black male, to do socioeconomically that which their fathers could not do; that was feed their families, and have the “good life” regardless how shot it was (Whitehead, …show more content…

Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1995). Parental ethnic socialization and adolescent coping with problems related to ethnicity. Journal of research on adolescence, 5(1), 31-53. Adolescent coping with cultural and social stress when it comes to their ethnicity according to Phinneny (1995) are saddling. Minority parents are discussing prejudice more with their child and become acclimate in society. The African American and Japanese-American ethnicity seems to come into question as historical teaching. Boykin & Toms (1985) believes that African Americans face two hurdles, which are self-culturzation and then there is the mainstream culture and the understanding of both prejudice and discrimination. Likewise, both Boykin & Toms (1985) sates that socialization in mainstream will benefit the adolescent in the long run. In the 1990 the socialization was identified as integrative/assertive this was the teaching both African-American pride to get along with whites. This teaching stressed the importance of achieving and hard work in and outside ones

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He gives heavy claims and statistics throughout his article, using the rhetorical appeal logos. Hart claims that in the late 1980’s the “majority of crack users were white” and “most drug users buy their drugs from dealers within their own racial group.” While Hart certainly expresses these statements confidently, he does not support them with statistics or sources. It is difficult to believe that the majority of drug users in the crack epidemic of the late 1980’s were white when this issue was felt by numerous black individuals in the inner cities. Hart hopes to persuade his audience to believe him with these passionate, strong statements but fails to provide support for these claims.

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Brent Staples discusses how young black men are made into young thugs based on “the male romance with the power to intimidate” (Staples 240). He also mentioned that young black men use this power to intimidate in order to commit crimes and that “poor and powerless young men seem to take all of this nonsense literally” (Staples 240). Staples is simply stating that young, black men, that are raised on the streets, look for power through intimidation and that every male fights for dominance. They then grow up to use this intimidation and showing of dominance in order to commit crimes and rob other people. Staples explains that intimidation and dominance become daily life and

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