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Genetics Vs Environment Case Study

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Term Essay: Genetics v. Environment One major obscurity surrounding mental illness is its etiology. The two main causes that have shown the greatest promise in unlocking this secret are: genetic and environmental. The term gene-environment (GxE) annotates either conditions in which the impact of the genotype on health are dependent on conditions of the environment or to restraint, by genetic influences, of the consequence of the environment on health (Reiss, Leve, Neiderhiser, 2013). GxE studies suggest that causes for mental health are not either/or but both genetic and environmental. Formerly, assuming someone’s genetic makeup was to blame for mental illness, gave victims an easy target to direct their liability on to, but also a captor the promise of no escape. The main …show more content…

111). For example, in a case study by Leve, Kerr, and Shaw (2010), a sample of children that were adopted at birth and studied for the early signs of genetic risk for externalizing behavior in mature life. One of the things they monitored was the infants’ ability to self-soothe in frustrating situations. The research showed that the only cases in which the infant was unable to self-soothe were when depression was evident in the adoptive mother. The children who were unable to pacify themselves also showed evidence of biological predispositions to be more sensitive to stressful environments. Specific polymorphisms have been identified that would lend themselves to increasing sensitivity to anxiety-provoking conditions. These polymorphisms have shown promise of revealing a neurobiological mechanism that would make a person more susceptible to reacting poorly in adverse environments (Champoux, Bennett, & Shannon et al, 2002; Caspi, Sugden, & Moffitt et al,

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”(164) Mentally illness is major in society and requires lots of care. It plays a big role in people's

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Dr. Rettew connects to class discussions and readings on shared and unshared environmental influences, evocative gene environment correlation, temperament, and the goodness-of-fit. Twins that with unshared environmental influences, such as different placentas, could adapt different temperaments (Berk, 2009). Also, twins that have been adopted into separate families could have different personality traits because they lived in completely different environments their whole life, even if they shared environmental influences of the same placenta (Berk, 2009). With an evocative gene environment correlation, a child’s genotype could draw in a certain type of environment, such as babies who appear more attractive will receive more attention (Berk, 2009). The type of attention a child gets could affect its temperament.

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With mental health first being documented in 1100 B.C. there have been millennia for scientific opinions to develop to get to where it is today. Before modern-day medicine, it’s been documented that throughout history, struggling with mental health was equivalent to the behavior and actions of animals. Furthermore, the lack of education made the treatment given to those struggling with mental health inflict physical damage upon the body. Ingrid Farreas, a professor at Hood College, published an online article in 2020 about the history of mental health, stating that “While inhumane by today’s standards, the view of insanity at the time likened the mentally ill to animals…who did not have the capacity to reason [and] could not control themselves.” (Farreras).

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It casts them as products not of nature or nurture but of complex “gene-environment interactions.” Your genes don’t doom you to these disorders. But if you have “bad” versions of certain genes and life treats you ill, you’re more prone to them.” In other words, if someone has bad genes but lives in a good environment with great parents, they are less likely to show characteristics of someone who is suppose to have depression or become a drug addict. As for someone with bad genes and lives in a bad community with poor parenting skills, they are much more likely to become the person they were born to be because of the bad genes.

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There are various complex factors that can be attributed to the development of mental health issues

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Mental illness has been around since the days of recorded history. People such as Aristotle, Thomas Overbury, and Jean de la Bruyere have studied the personality disorders. However, through history, people with personality disorders have been shunned and feared because of who they are. Mental illness can be obtained by genetics or injury. “Examples of mental illnesses are schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, and etc.”

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When my mother was a young child, her own father left, and abandoned her and her two sisters. This makes me wonder if this traumatic experience for her, could have left her three kids with psychological or behavioral differences. In my father’s family, on the other hand, his childhood was from a more loving, nurturing environment. So then I wander could his experiences caused psychological or behavioral difference in the three of us? You cannot change your genetic makeup, so learning about your ancestry could be useful.

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This mindset reduced the amount of blame that the public placed on the diagnosed for their condition; however, at the same it increased their fear of them. By combining the genetic model with the biological, this problem was hopefully thought to slowly dwindle down. This is so because the biological model places emphasis on what is occurring in the brain of someone who is diagnosed (Rusch pg 331). This reduced the fearfulness of the condition as the public was able to understand what was happening and why. The combination of these two models created an effective holistic model that did help reduce the stigma.

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According to Burke (2014), overall tendencies that are associated with anxieties are hereditary and can also result in a nature that may have a great risk of ever developing an anxiety disorder. Same as that for Major Depression Disorder, one would assume that in Jessica’s case, she may have been at a high risk level of developing a mood disorder through her genetic make-up which may be triggered by stressful life events (Burke, 2014). Neurochemistry By learning more about brain circuitry involved in fear and anxiety, scientists may be able to devise more specific treatments for anxiety disorders.

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Genes and the environment go hand in hand, so the blame can not be just on the gene. Past experiences program one’s genes; thus, genes are not the only thing that affect one’s behavior. Every human has the MAOA gene, and many men have the variant and do not act on impulsive thoughts. Genes are always a part of one’s life. When a criminal that has the mutation on the MAOA gene commits a crime, they are more likely to commit another crime in the future since it is genetic.

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However, mental health can be causes by many different factors, for instance unemployment or a lower living standard (Nocon & Owen, 2006). Moreover, the lifestyle of individuals, e.g. whether they smoke, drink alcohol, are stressed, their diet and amount of physical activity all contribute on their health statuses, and can be especially related to cardiovascular diseases or diabetes (Nocon & Owen, 2006). Nevertheless, these risk factors can all be addressed and

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Beyond genetics, what other factors may contribute to personality disorders? Environmental factors are now showing that they can contribute to the development of personality disorders. Childhood traumas are showing to be a large factor in the development of personality disorders, especially childhood sexual trauma. While they haven’t been able to prove that environment can strictly be the cause rather than the victim having an underlying genetic cause for their PD, environment still holds

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This can shape a person not their Genes and it is proven that experiences can shape a person's. “The nurture theory holds that genetic influence over abstract traits may exist; however, the environmental factors are the real origins of our behavior”-(Sincero). This states that we may have urges because of our genes but we do not have to follow those urges and we ultimately make the decisions not our genes. This is basically saying if their parents are serial killers they might have the urge maybe to kill but if they were treated well as a child by normal people and did not know their parents they wouldn't kill becuase thats not the environment they were shaped in. ” Although it is true that fraternal twins raised apart have remarkable similarities in most respects, still the intervention of the environment have caused several differences in the way they behave.”

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Mental illness is an important topic that is rarely spoken or taught in today’s society. About half of people in the world have a mental health disorder, yet most people don’t know what it really means to have a serious health problem. There are numerous theories on why these disorders happen; additionally, some disorders in the world are still a mystery to the science community and also millions of people share these personal experiences through writing. What is Mental Health and its comparison to Mental Illness

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