Cambodia And Globalization Analysis

In the 1970s, Cambodia was involved in Civil War and invasion from foreign countries for several decades, which destroyed everything including infrastructure, human resources, and physical structures in this country. Additionally, the political system was a monarchy with King

Norodom Sihanouk as the Head of State. After the King went outside of the country for a conference, General Lon Nol used a military coup to overthrow the King. He became President and changed the name of the country to the Khmer Republics in the year of 1970. During his administration, he allied with America; and received financial funding and technical support such as military weapons to control his regime. At the time, the war between Vietnam and America was still ongoing,

The country had been unstable for decades until the entry of the United Nations. In 1991,

Cambodia declared the ceasefire under UN supervision. In 1993, a government was formed By

Cambodia that was reviewed by UNTAC. Cambodia remained at peace and a new modern society had begun. (BBC, 2017) The country had entered the global market and has relations with other countries. Globalization has helped Cambodia in terms of economic growth and political stability.

At the same time, globalization also creates many problems in this country that lead to poverty and help to keep the authoritarian regime constant. We cannot say in a whole that "globalization" is the cause of these problems, but it is a relationship between many problems.

Globalization has also contributed to improving the quality of education, health care and standard of living for Cambodians. During the 2008-2009 economic crisis, Cambodia experienced a stagnation of real GDP. However, in 2010-2011, GDP increased again to 6%. Its GDP should continue to grow at an annual rate of 6.5% between 2012 and 2013 (World Bank, 2017). Cambodia has acquired international trade with several countries, such as China, South Korea and

Land has been given to multinationals for export projects, and people do not have access to land, so they cannot produce their own food to feed their family.

The WTO has not helped the Cambodian economy, but has helped foreign countries to take advantage of Cambodia, its lands and its workers through free trade policies. IMF loans did not help Cambodia solve its previous debt problems, but they only hurt the Cambodian population because of its SAP policy reform. They don't have basic facilities. Foreign aid was sent directly to the government to improve its physical structure, reduce poverty and maintain political stability, but the government took that foreign aid for its own benefit and reduced people's ability to depend on their government. This problem helped an individual who dominates the state and led to a dictatorship. The elimination of poverty has failed and foreign aid has become a tool for a dictator to develop his power and maintain power. According to discursive material theory, we can include all parts of these globalization-related structures, including multinationals, WTO policies, foreign aid, and the role of government in Cambodia, including the signal, the evidence and the