Stages Of Globalization

Globalization

Globalization is as a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different nations, prompted by international trade and investment, and further promoted by modern technology.

The beginning of globalization is when the first human race started moving out of Africa to settle in different parts of the world.

The neolithic period is characterized by agriculture. Agriculture developed by cultivating cereal crops such as wheat and barley, as well as domesticating and farming animals. With advancement of agriculture, people invented new technology such as the plough and stone tools for hunting and skinning of animals, which improved the productivity of the land. This was a tremendous change

David Friedmann presented three stages of globalization, each led by countries, companies and individuals respectively. First stage is globalization 1.0, from 1492 to 1800s. It was the early voyages of exploration and colonization, which reduced the earth from size large to size medium. It began in 1492 when Christopher Columbus discovered the new world. Many European countries stepped forward to seek the potential wealth the new world might bring to them. For example, Columbus was financed by Spain, as well as Ferdinand Magellan, who first circumnavigated the world. Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes destroyed the Mesoamerican civilizations and put them under Spanish control to exploit their natural resources, especially silver. Portugal also financed Vasco Da Gama, who reached India on a marine road for the first time. England, who would later dominate the world trade, financed Sir Francis Drake, who successfully circumnavigated the world for the second time as a pirate. Queen Elizabeth unofficially permitted him to hijack foreign riches all around the world. By sponsoring those worldwide expeditions and forming alliances, the European countries seized wealth and property. England especially monopolized global trade, such as the domination of trade by East India

The world was made to size tiny with further improvement of computer software and internet. The way of trading changed drastically. New types of business such as E-business represented by Google, Yahoo and Amazon came into the global market. But, at the same time, the automation of jobs assisted by the technology resulted in rising unemployment. There is also a big shift of the business field from west to east. Companies are practicing outsourcing, in which they transfer manufacturing work to