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HNC Sociology

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HNC Sociology B: Applying Sociological Theories and Studies Over time different sociological theorists, with different sociological perspectives, have studied and tried to explain the importance of social control mechanisms, such as the police and the role they play within a society in order to maintain order. They have looked at the criminal and deviant acts within a society and the people committing them in order to explain any trends in such behaviour. Deviance may be considered as a banned or controlled behaviour which is likely to attract punishment or disapproval. (Downes and Rock, 1988) Deviant behaviour can be difficult to define. There is a very wide range of behaviours that can be classed as deviant with varying levels of seriousness. …show more content…

Marxism suggest that class inequality exists, rich and poor, bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie, the upper class have the wealth and power. The bourgeoisie do nothing to fix this class inequality because this power allows them not only to exploit the proletariat but easily maintain social order. Marxist view of crime and deviance puts emphasis on this economic inequality and inequality of power in creating crime and deviance. Marxist view suggests that those in power are the creators of the laws and maintain order and are also the ones to benefit from the laws …show more content…

This learned behaviour includes techniques of committing crime as well as the drives and motivations for it. He suggests that an individual will become a delinquent if the act of crime becomes more favourable, in that it benefits them more. It is not always a crime being committed due to the need of the individual and may just be greed. Sutherland suggested that middle class and upper class commit crime as often as working class however this can be due to greed, as opposed to the working class who are more likely to be committing crime due to need. Sutherland suggests that a working class individual committing benefit fraud will be punished more harshly than a middle or upper class individual committing tax fraud and this is purely down to the class and power inequality and the law protecting those in the higher classes or

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A. I learned a lot of things while i watched the documentary on the MS-13s. They do a lot of things that i never knew people could do. There are so many members in this gang and everyone wants to be higher and higher up each day. A good term from our sociology book that i connected to the documentary was Competition. Competition in biology and sociology, is a contest between two or more organisms, animals, individuals, groups, etc., for territory, a niche, for a location of resources, for resources and goods, for mates, for prestige, for recognition, for awards, for group or social status, or for leadership.

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This has been a trend though, during the late 1600s Maria Sisa and a few other women sued their employer for two years of back wages. Ultimately Sisa and others would not win as the judge believed housing was enough in return for hard work (Sloan 2011). In the 1980s, as a result of a neoliberal influence in Latin America women were forced to pick up jobs that were not deemed suitable for them and work for wages less than men because men were losing wages and jobs. Female labor is undervalued and women are considered a burden in the workforce. If they are unskilled they are thrown out and replaced (Wilson 2014).

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According to The Economic Times, “Marxism is a social, economic and political philosophy that analyses the impact of the ruling class on the laborers, leading to uneven distribution of wealth and privileges in the society” (What is.). This quote explains how Marxism is a philosophy attempting to explain how society works. Marxism focuses specifically on the different social classes in society and how the people in each class have an order in society. Someone looking at the world from a Marxist perspective would see the upper class as overpowering and controlling the lower classes. This definition of Marxism explains the basics of the Marxist literary theory.

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Marxist theory analyzes the classes that are placed in a relationship between groups of people in society. Although

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When using a Marxist lens the viewer must focus on social classes and how power is distributed throughout these classes, including who holds the power and who is inferior to that power in the society. One question that might come about when viewing the

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Deviance has many functions in society. Although deviance violates social norms, without it, we would not have rules, so it helps form, guide, and shape society’s norms and goals. Social norms are different from culture to culture. Norms that may be acceptable in one culture may be frowned upon in another. Emile Durkheim quotes that “deviance and deviant behavior is an integral part of all healthy societies (Adler, 2014, p74).”

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Marxist is the analysis of human events and productions that focuses on relationships among socioeconomic classes, both within a society and among societies and it explains all human activities in terms of the distribution and dynamics of economic power. They 're all based on the theories of Karl Marx, who was influenced by philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. This topic consists of the ideas on class differences, economic, as well as the implications and complications of capitalist system. Marxist critical approach literature by focusing on the individual psyche and the economic systems that structure human societies in the text.

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Marxism is the ideology created by Karl Marx which advocated for the destruction of capitalism in any society. This ideology first came up in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. Marxism is the ideology that any form of superiority should not exist and has been tied to other social rights movements and ideologies. One of the most famous books to talk about this include “The Grapes of Wrath”, “The Great Gatsby”, and “Twenty Years at Hull House”. All three of these examples were written and published in the first quarter of the twentieth century.

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Crime is any act which breaks the laws of society, such as murder, rape, speeding etc. Social control is enforced by agencies such as police and the courts, more specifically defined than deviance. Deviance is behaviour which moves away from controversial norms and values such as burping, pass wind in public and queuing. It Can be positive e.g. extreme intelligence. Although in some situation in nature – time dependent of factors, place, who is involved.

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Holland Arrowsmith explains Marxism as a term which refers to “a hugely diverse set of social, economic, philosophical, historical and cultural theories”. Several theories such as social, economical, political and critical theories have been derived from Marxism philosophy. Marxism advocates equality amongst the class structure of society. Marxism is divided into two fundamental classes. According to Marx there are only two classes which exist: Bourgeoisie, which means powerful or dominant class and Proletariat, which means the peasant or working classes.

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Social Disorganization Theory Name Institutional Affiliation Crime in our societies is a widespread social phenomenon dating back centuries ago and ranges from low-level delinquencies to high-level offences. Chances are high that one would be involved in crime during their lifetime, either as a victim, or as an assailant. Nevertheless, what really motivates individuals to commit crime? Studies have shown that in different political, economic, and cultural backgrounds, crime occurs in diverse patterns making it a serious social problem. Hence, criminology and sociology experts have examined numerous aspects of crime in an attempt to elucidate why individuals commit crime, and cogently explain its social context.

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This theory is based on the principles that the value of man is based on the forced job or potential job; economy as a factor that determines the action of society; the struggle of social classes are the construct of its history; it is also taken into consideration the proletariat and the bourgeois, among others. Marxism is the sign of the struggle for a balance between the oppressed and the upper class to create a better world for

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Many groups or cultures have different views on what is considered deviant.

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Drives attitudes rationalizations which are common with breaking law, is a key term for this theory. For example as an individual would learn a trade so will criminals learn their role and function within a gang. Sutherland recognized that “while some types of crimes are prevalent in

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As far as crime is concerned, it is defined by the law. Deviance is unexpected behaviour, but not exactly considered criminal. Many consider crime as a social problem – a problem as defined by society, such as homelessness, drug abuse, etc. Others would say crime is a sociological problem – something defined as a problem by sociologists and should be dealt with accordingly by sociologists. This essay attempts to discover the boundaries between these two and ultimately come to an appropriate conclusion.

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