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Hans Selye's Theory And Theories Of Stress

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Theories of Stress

In Systematic Stress, endocrinologist Hans Selye's Theory said that variety of stimulus event applied intensely and long enough are capable of common effects not specific to stimulus event. Changes caused constitute the stereotypical (specific response to pattern of systematic stress).
It defined stress as "state manifested by a syndrome which consists of all nonspecifically induced change in biologic system".
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) composed of three stages namely A. Alarm Reaction wherein in the shock phase causes autonomic excitability (increased adrenaline discharge, gastro-intestinal ulcerations) while with the counter shock phase, initial operation of defensive processes, increased adrenocortical activity. …show more content…

Psychological stress refers to relationship with the environment that the person appraises as significant for his/her well-being and in which the demands tax or exceed available coping resources.
Hardiness Theory comprises of three beliefs that makes people more resilient to psychological distress and physical illness in the face of stress.

Social Support Theory says that support reduces effects of stressful life events on health through either the supportive actions of others on the belief that support is available. Supportive actions are thought to enhance coping performance while perceptions of available support lead to appraising potentially threatening situations as less stressful

Attribution Theory deals with how perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events It is concerned with how and why ordinary people explain events as they …show more content…

Goal Orientation Theory is a social cognitive theory of achievement motivation. It examines the reasonswhy students engage in their academic work. Core goals drives much of what an individual does while proximal goal is concrete and can be accomplished within short period.

Achievement Goal Theory has two concepts: the task goals (mastery) and the ego goals (performance). Task's primary goal is learning and mastery of the task for its own sake while performance reflects competence perception relative to the performance of others through normative and interpersonal comparison. These two goal orientations determine different consenquence in achievement context. In general, task orientation is regarded as nore adaptive than ego orientation.

James-Lange: Theory of Emotion
In 1884 and in 1885, theorists William James and Carl Lange might have separately proposed their respective theories on the correlation of stress and emotion, but they had a unified idea on this relationship - emcts do not immediately succeed the perception of the stressor

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Stress can be seen in everyone’s life but not everyone reacts to stress in the same way. A friend who just lost his job that helped him cover tuition costs might feel very stressed out. He could have many different potential reactions to his job loss but if one were to apply Lazarus and Folkman’s cognitive theory then he would not be too devastated by this stressful event. With this situation, he would engage in primary appraisal, secondary appraisal and a stress response to tear down the stressful event and figure out what he will do.

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Nurses often work with seriously ill patients with a variety of physical, emotional and psychosocial problems. Two patients’ outcomes can be vastly different due to resilience even though they have the same disease process occurring. This paper is a concept analysis of the concept of resilience. Resiliency is often used interchangeably with adaptability, overcoming, survival or resourcefulness. Merriam-Webster (2016) defines resilience as "an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change.

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Selye developed a theory of the physical effects of stress called the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). When the body is first confronted with a stressor, the fight-or flight

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The Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping was developed by American psychologist Richard S. Lazarus. It is used to analyze the complex processes individuals undergo in coping with stressful life experiences. The core assumption of this theory is that coping is a process wherein adaptational outcomes are determined by how individuals appraise stressful experiences, the coping styles that are employed by the individual, and how dispositional and situational factors serve as mediating variables (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Lazarus, 1999). In early traditional approaches, studies have primarily focused on examining the causal relationship between stress and coping.

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