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Hit Rate Analysis Examples

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Earlier work by Gelman et al. (2007) presented concern that the arrest outcome of “hit rate analysis” may be an issue. They stated that a perfect outcome of the analysis would be a measure of officer productivity which the officer aims to maximise, this objective is impartial to racially bias behaviour and cannot be influenced by police officer bias of black individuals. The arrest outcome may not be impartial to officer bias because arrests are subject to the police officers decision and thus could be subject to racial bias. This matter of interest could invalidate “hit rate analysis”. By studying the behaviour of the officer after the stop has been made can focus on the invalidation concern. It is possible to determine whether the police …show more content…

An African-American individual is 0.356\% less likely to be arrested given the type of crime committed relative to other races. When precinct-level fixed effects are included in the regression, the sign of the coefficient changes from negative to positive, this is the same as Table 2. When the regression also conditions for precincts, an African-American individual is between 0.265\% and 0.294\% more likely to be arrested conditional on being stopped and on the type of crime committed. All six specifications of the regression adjusted for crime are insignificant, therefore the race of the individual does not statistically influence the likelihood of being arrested when conditioned for the type of crime committed. This result follows Persico (2013) where African-American individuals are 0.495\% less likely to be arrested given the type of crime committed relative to other races and when precincts effects are included, between 0.228\% and 0.234\% more likely to be arrested given the type of crime committed relative to other races. Persico (2013) finds that a significant race effect does not exist. It can, therefore, be concluded that after conditioning on the type of crime there is not a significant interaction between the race of the individual and the probability of being arrested. Hence police officers do not use discretion during the arrest decision, or discretion which is uncorrelated with race is used. Given this, the arrest outcome of hit rate analysis is valid.

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1104 Words | 5 Pages

Buehler, J. W. (2017). Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of lethal force by US police, 2010-2014. American Journal of Public Health, 107 (2), 295-297. In Buehler’s article, he attempts to disprove a study that found no racial disparities in killings that law enforcement were responsible for.

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1182 Words | 5 Pages

The authors suggest that interventions aimed at reducing implicit biases and racial anxiety may be effective in reducing the incidence of police use of force against minority groups. They also emphasize the importance of addressing the connections of race and other social identities in understanding police behavior. As the article that was previously mentioned research has discovered that people of color tend to be “stopped, searched, arrested, and convicted of crimes, even when controlling for factors such as crime rates and other demographic characteristics” more than white individuals (Spencer). This goes on to show the logical reasoning behind the existence and impact of racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Much of this information is gathered from academic resources provided on the school library website or from other educational institutes.

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898 Words | 4 Pages

Name:Karanvir Grewal The Mandan tribe is a semi-nomadic tribe that lived in North Dakota, near the Missouri River in the Great Plains. They are still here even today. The Mandan are famous for their beadwork, hide paintings, quillwork, and most of all tattoos. The Mandan are farmers, but are also hunters.

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549 Words | 3 Pages

The author suggests that police records are clear indications of brutality cases. He therefore assumes that since records indicate cases of brutality it means that Negros is unfairly treated. He should support his argument by using valid references. 5.

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442 Words | 2 Pages

It comes right out and states that police do use statistics that say which race is more likely to commit certain crimes, and they will look for those things when conducting traffic stops, which one black officer says he has no problem with. However, there's a point at which it becomes an abuse of power. Gail B Stewart, the author, received her undergraduate degree from Gustavus Adolphus College, and completed her

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990 Words | 4 Pages

The author’s studies indicate that the criminal justice system choose majority of their targets and suspects predominantly by race. According to studies conducted by the U. S Department of Justice, the imprisonment rate by race per 100,000 residents over 3,000 black males were imprisoned in the year 2000 compared to white males imprisonment rate of less than 500. This shows that conviction of crime, robbery, murder, and other violence and drug related crimes has a clear discrepancy across racial groups.

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1343 Words | 6 Pages

American Journal of Political Science. Hurwitz and Peffley write on how stereotypes about African Americans have an effect on people’s attitudes towards crime and policy. The authors discuss the link on race and crime and how the media has a lot to do with it. This work will be helpful to my research because of the stereotype linking blacks to crime. It will support my thesis on how race is spread throughout

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3239 Words | 13 Pages

Evidence of racial disparities exists at many levels of law enforcement from traffic stops, drug related arrests, and the use of force; but, the root cause is not always clear. Psychologist point to systemic problems and implicit biases. In matters of criminal justice, both can have life-altering implications. Racial bias is rooted in the human psychology by internal and external factors that are manifested through explicit and implicit discriminatory behavior.

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587 Words | 3 Pages

Fast forward to the present day, we have the Ferguson, Mike Brown of Emmitt Till’s still occurring in our justice system. A person must view the criminal justice threw a godly telescope to see the inequalities that exit, and need to come to the forefront of our government, and the population worldwide. Sentencingproject.org statistically show that African American men, women, and juvenile are arrested more often than any other races across the nations. This report will prove, and argues that racial disparity in the justice system is at large in our system. This research paper will further explain, and presents evidence that display the presence of racial bias in the criminal justice system in America.

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979 Words | 4 Pages

“Racial profiling is a highly salient issue in black communities” (Wilkins and Williams, 2008, pg. 654). Consequently, police officers racial profiling has diminished the relationship with minorities and “communities in the coproduction of public safety and order” (Wilkins and Williams, 2008, pg. 655). In their study, Wilkins and Williams (2008) found that for each month in 2000, the data yield a sample size of 96 in the difference between the percentage of stops in the division consisting a black driver and the percentage of the black driving-age population (pg. 658). For example, in May 2000, the data yield 7% of the vehicle stops in the Northern division involved black drivers, while only 1% of the driving-eligible population in that division was black, in which producing a racial disparity measure of 6% for that month (pg. 658). Based on the finding, Wilkins and Williams determined that the structure and processes of an organization can affect the representation provided by the bureaucrats working there.

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296 Words | 2 Pages

This article brought many points into light that many other articles were too sacred to bring up or simply did not want to bring up because the evidence went against their claim. This article talked about how racial profiling is often times misunderstood. To argue his point, he talks about how crime is never evenly distributed in cities and many times the places where there is the most crime is a part of town that lives in poverty. Often times this also means these parts of town are highly diverse. Policemen then, doing their job, watch these parts of town because of the high crime.

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192 Words | 1 Pages

There is a point in everyone’s life where they are scared of a police officer pulling them over. The fear is usually getting a costly ticket or taken under arrest; However, darker skinned citizens now have to worry about police brutality. Police brutality is the use of excessive and unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Over the years, the country has been exposed to the truth about what minorities face when pulled over by a racist police officer. Most of the victims from the police mistreatment are from minority groups, therefore, race plays a key role in police brutality.

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1233 Words | 5 Pages

Statistics show that minorities show a higher level of comfortability when dealing with a officer or other members of the criminal justice system if they are also a minority and even a higher percentage when dealing with someone of the same race. It also helps with police discretion. (Christine Gardiner and Matthew J. Hickman,

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1530 Words | 7 Pages

Throughout history, disputes and tensions between law enforcement officials and communities of minorities have endured hostility and violence between each other. Racial profiling has become a “hot topic” for researchers as well as for politicians and by now it is likely that most citizens are at least aware of the common accusations of racial bias pitted against law enforcement (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Communities of color are being discriminated against and racially profiled by white police officers for any suspicion of criminal activities. It has been widely assumed by policy makers and citizens alike that allegations of racial profiling are mostly associated with the policing practices of white officers and their treatment of racial and ethnic minorities (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Also, individuals of minority descent will certainly recognize that they are being racially profiled during a stop that is being conducted by a white police officer.

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1577 Words | 7 Pages

Introduction Theoretical assumptions about diversity and contact theory inform the view that a more ethnically diverse criminal justice system will reveal a broader range of voices that can shape and influence policy and attitudinal changes for the better. The focal point of this essay is on the law enforcement branch of the criminal justice system. It makes the argument that diversity in the police force can help reduce levels of racial and ethnic bias as well as disproportionality to the extent that diversity is able to change or influence the occupational and institutional structures that create these disproportionalities. To make this claim, this essay will first show that there are indeed disproportionate outcomes in policing and attempt

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