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Homestead strike: “homestead strike” cause and effect
Homestead strike: “homestead strike” cause and effect
Homestead lockout of 1892 and strike of 1894
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The singular event of the Homestead Strike turned a highly profitable and mutually beneficial relationship into a series of disagreements which only concluded with the sale of Carnegie Steel to the J.P. Morgan creation, United States Steel Corporation for $480 million dollars, approximately $329 billion dollars in 2006 dollars. That final transaction occurred only after Carnegie’s attempt to impose the terms of the Iron Clad Agreement on Frick. The Iron Clad Agreement required any shareholder of Carnegie Steel to sell his stock back to the Company at book value if so requested by the holders of 75% of the outstanding stock Carnegie owned 45% of the stock. Carnegie demanded that Frick tender his stock which would have resulted in Frick being paid approximately $1.5 million dollars. A settlement was reached and less than three years later when Carnegie Steel was sold to United States Steel Corporation, Frick was paid $51 million dollars.
Andrew Carnegie had 12 mills within Homestead and in 1892 steelworkers decided to strike against him over the organization of labor within the mills. The process of the Homestead Strike began when the Amalgamated, who were one of the most acclaimed unions in the AFL (American Federation of Labor), tried to renew their contract with Andrew Carnegie. While the mill had both skilled and unskilled workers, the company had decided that they wanted the majority to take over the minority completely, and although Andrew Carnegie was known for being in favor of labor unions he saw that his contract only benefit everyone but him. After the Amalgamated had brought this issue to Carnegie he then passed if off onto the CEO of his company, Henry Clay Frick, who also happened to be anti-labor. When presented with the contract, Frick decided to completely ignore their wishes and instead did not even want to recognize the union at all.
With the arrival of 1868, the province of Ontario created more Free Grants throughout the Parry Sound district, looking to quickly populate the area with labour and farming for the lumber industry that was rapidly developing. Part of the reason for this law was to obtain much needed lumber to feed the British Navy. Known as the Free Grants and Homestead Act of 1868, grants of 100 to 200 acres of land were given to those settlers over 18. There were conditions placed on the settler before he could obtain a proper patent and hence own the property. These were that within 5 years of obtaining the grant, 15 acres had to be cleared and cultivated and built a house fit for habitation of size at least 16’x20’ with continuous habitation.
Andrew Carnegie is a steel plant owner who claims to support unions and the working man. His charge is that he ignored the legitimate grievances of his employees at his plant in Homestead Pennsylvania and that his neglect contributed to the death of several of his employees during a strike at Homestead in June of 1892 and that he should be held accountable. Andrew Carnegie has dealt with strikes at his plants before. One strike was at his plant in Braddock Pennsylvania where he settled with the workers by agreeing to higher pay but without input from the Union, essentially ruining it. The union at Homestead was one of the last unions in any of his plants.
The Big Compromises During the mid-1850’s there was this compromise called the Missouri compromise, which was something that led to temporarily ending the slave debate. Then there is the Kansas- Nebraska act. This allowed slavery in the Northern Territories. In the 1800’s there was this thing called the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
There are several issues labor and business antagonize over. There were tons of families and individuals affected by the downfalls occurring in this era. Many immigrants and workers were badly mistreated and were not really recognized by their hard work. The government gave signals for the rest of the century; there would be no strikes for the white people and blacks would be put back. Immigrants came from Europe and China to make new labor forces; these farmers were unable to purchase new machinery or pay new railroad rates.
However, they do encounter various obstacles, among those include the Homestead Strike. According to Standiford, the Homestead Strike led to the bloodiest conflict between management and labor, also signifying the end of the Carnegie-Frick partnership. Following the start of Ireland’s Great Potato Famine, Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish
In Braddock the work day went from eight hours to twelve hours, and in Homestead workers had to agree to the mills terms to return to work. Kratcha did not like the strikes, but Andrej approved of them saying, “While you’re losing a dollar, Carnegie will be losing thousands… Take a penny from [the millionaires] and they will bleed” (40). Although many workers, mostly those in support or in unions, approved of the strikes, they still made it difficult for many workers to support themselves when they were receiving no pay due to a shutdown mill. With the strain that strikes put on low income workers, Unions made it difficult for laborers, like Kratcha, to earn a steady income,
The Panic of 1873 contributed to The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 by allowing hardworking people to experience financial struggle and by causing southern blacks to nearly lose the little hope they had remaining. Although The Panic of 1873 contributed to many bad things, it ended in a way many did not think it would end. President Hayes eventually [sent many troops and militia from city to city] where strike occurred to decrease and soon cease all strikes until it was over (PBS 1). In 1878, many believe that this was when the strike was over, but many smaller strikes resulted thereafter from The Great Railroad Strike. But what we refer to as The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 finally ended in 1879.
During the American Revolution, there were two ends,the American Patriots who were willing to fail horrendously for adaptability, and the English Supporters who were prepared to pass on for their Ruler. The major driver that the American Patriots expected to seclude from the English was in light of the fact that they were exhausted from the unfeeling and out of line regulating given by the English. They said the English were being unfeeling and unmerited, for example, forcing charges with no political advantage. Close by this reason, there are various more factors that drove the American Patriots to leave Britain.
The strike became one of the most influential events in the history of United States labor law. The labor law in 1894 in the United States was changed in a significant way after the strike, as it was the first strike that received national attention and tested labor laws. The government intervened in the relationship between employers and their workers. For the first time an injunction by the government was used to break up a strike and block a major union activity. Many industrials and unions were affected by this intervention.
The Pullman Strike was an 1890s strike that occurred as a result of employee dissatisfaction with wage cuts, long hours, and high rent and goods prices attributed to unfair practices by the Pullman railroad company. This strike was what is known as a wildcat strike whereby acting out of accordance with a union, workers rallied against their employer. This was a largely failed attempt to satisfy their demands but to their advantage, the strike grew as they paired up with a labor union, the American Railway Union, headed by Eugene V. Debs which lead a nationwide boycott of all railroad cars managed by George Pullman. When workers tried to oppose Pullman, they were fired, and many residents of Pullman, Illinois who didn't follow the company
During the 1890’s, the American outlook was that we were a country growing and developing economically and that certain nations including the United States were superior to other nations. A number of factors and values contributed to this outlook. The theory that the Anglo Saxon race was superior, and large amounts of immigrants were both factors and values that shaped America’s outlook toward the rest of the world.
*Pullman Strike * The Pullman Strike was widespread by the United States railroad workers, approximately a quarter-million worker were on strike at the peak and it impacted the expedition the railroad system across the states. The strike between the American Railway Union and George Pullman changed the course of future strikes when President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to break up the strikers; its influenced how the federal government and the court system would handle labor issues. The labor issues during the Pullman Strike were not limited that of rights of the workers, the role of management in the workers private life, and the roles of government resolving labor conflicts. Pullman planned communities for his workers how he determined
The Pullman Strike occurred at the Pullman Palace Car Company due to the Panic of 1893. The Panic of 1893 caused the car company to reduce the worker’s wages because the demand for luxury cars declined. George Pullman himself, who was a very successful businessman know for his innovation as an engineer (made the sleeping car), refused to negotiate, so the workers, and it eventually led to a boycott to the point that any train that transported Pullman cars were to refuse. The other major strike seen during this time period is the Homestead Strike. This strike took place at the Homestead Steel Plant run by Andrew Carnegie (one of the richest entrepreneurs in the Gilded Age).
