Horace Mann's Arguments Against Common School Reform
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The late 1950s saw a shift in the governmental attitudes concerning children, specifically in regard to education. Each side began to see the merit in the
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The key claims that Horace Mann develops in Report No. 12 includes, most importantly, the idea that the single most important characteristic of any successful society is the common education of its students. Mann maintains that students need to be well educated to even the playing field between rich and poor to create a better future. He also supports the idea that education is essential to a Republican society to be prosperous. When Mann is education the reader on the importance of educating the youth, he draws on the idea that education takes in the children as “raw material” and turns them into productive members of society using education. Mann stresses that schools are the most effective of all forces in civilization, mostly because it so strongly influences all of the other forces.
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Against School by John Gatto is an essay that attempts to persuade the reader that public education fails to educate its students. The main way Gatto tries to persuade his audience is by presenting anecdotal evidence and by showing the historical narrative to the education system of the Untied States. Gatto attempts also attempts to reach out to his audience by referring to commonalities in the public education system that have been experienced by many people. Overall the essay is persuasive but lacks any practical authority. The first thing the author does is provide background, background on himself and the situation with education in the United States; and, this is what the author primarily does.
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The reform movements in the United States can be assessed by analyzing three reformations or movements: The abolitionist movement, the women’s rights movement, and the equality of education reformation. The women’s rights movement, educational reform, and abolitionist movements played a vital role in the expansion of democratic ideals from 1825-1855 by pushing for equality and freedom
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However, in the South there was not support or importance on educating all children as many of the religious groups like the Puritan’s up North believed (Groen, 256). One of the leaders for the common school movements from the South was Calvin Wiley (Groen, 256). Despite not having the same foundation for the common school movement as in New England, Wiley was able to create a public school from nothing in North Carolina (Groen, 6). It was very difficult to gain supporters in the South for the common school movement because the exclusivity of education helped reinforce the social hierarchies of aristocrats all the way down to slaves.
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Knowledge has always been a key factor for improvement. Cotton Mather, an enlightened Puritan Minister, saw a paradigm in the typical eighteenth century puritan world where they focused mainly on respecting their religion. Most people dedicated their lives to religion which distracted them from their education. In Mather’s “The Education of Children” he drills the idea that kids need to have an education because their actions will affect the fate of american history. By using religious word choice, dark imagery, and juxtaposition, he shows how religion and knowledge can works well together if they are treated equally to appeal to both puritans and enlightened leaders.
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1. How have arguments about - and rationales for - the federal role in funding educational institutions changed over time? In the 1700s the government provided land for educational growth. The land could be used for building of a university, or the land could be sold to help provide funding for expansion.
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During the 1920s, the Chicano movement faced many political challenges. One of the many problems was many teachers didn 't put in effort to teach Chicanos. In addition, schools had student’s graduate high schools without even being ready for college. One example of the political challenges the Chicano movement suffers is discussed in the History of a Barrio by Richard Romo the author asserts; “the Los Angeles School District maintained separate schools for Mexicans on the premise that Mexicans had special needs” [Romo 139]. In other words, this demonstrates that school districts separated Chicanos from normal classes because they had trouble learning.
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In 1951, the following prayer was written that was intended to be recited each morning as part of the regents’ Statement of Moral and Spiritual Training in the Schools: “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country.” Because the regents made the recitation of the prayer each day entirely optional to the school boards and the individual families of students, many New York school districts shunned the prayer because of their eclectic student bodies. Not only was the state religiously and ethnically diverse, but religious instruction in state schools was declared unconstitutional by the 1948 Supreme Court decision in the McCollum vs. Board of Education case. Because of the constantly increasing controversy about religious teaching in public schools, at least 90% of New York districts were not using the prayer by the late 1950s. Then, in 1958, five parents (of varying religions and ethnicities) of students within the district filed a lawsuit to stop the use of the prayer in their schools.
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Horace Mann is most identified with the common school movement. He was a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education and his ideas were based upon a strong sense of Protestant Republicanism that was rooted in a secular, non sectarian morality. The common school movement as the idea that the government would pay for the schools instead of the people. EVen though the people of america enjoyed the idea of the government paying for schooling, the common school movement did not address the issue of racial exclusion and segregation.
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Mann saw complications with the current schools in practice and wanted to fix these problems. The six main problems he targeted were: (1) the public should not longer remain ignorant and free, (2) that education should be paid for, controlled and sustained by an interested public, (3) that this education will best be provided in schools that embrace children of all diversities, (4) that education must be non-sectarian, (5) that this education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society, (6) that education should be provided by well-trained, professional
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Through the education, prison, and Temperance movements, the Antebellum time period prior to the Civil War introduced many democratic ideals that we now hold dear, ranging from public education to fair mental healthcare. Horace Mann, the leader of the education reforms, sought to provide public education to all citizens, as his state of Massachusetts was heavily focused on enhancing education, according to Document #3. Since before the United States became its own independent nation, Puritan beliefs included an emphasis on education, a clear precursor to this time period. From the implementation of schools with the Old Deluder Act, to the current education reform, the education system was in need of a reform in order to be made available to all — Mann’s main point he was trying to convey. As with the Temperance Movement, the banning of alcohol sparked wild controversy.
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Book Review John Dewey Democracy and Education Democracy and Education was published by John Dewey in 1916. The original title of the book was to be Introduction to the Philosophy of Education but was changed due to the political pressure of the World War. The original title was however retained as the subtitle of the book. The book was written to shed light on the fundamental educational, socio political consequences of the world war, civil war, industrialization, migration etc. Born in 1859 in a largely agrarian American society, Dewey saw the massive changes that American society.
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Jurak Una PS190 Argumentative analysis essay In the past few years, there has been much discussion on whether religious teaching should be part of the public school curriculum. Religion is a constant element shaping our political, economic and social lives. It pinpoints the set of beliefs, dogmas and practices defining the relation between human beings and the so called “divinity”. The notion of religion has always been a very important element of the world’s history.
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There is a third reason which is the Most important reason, is to get a great picture of the cultural diversity of the United States of America. Knowledge of others, their cultures, their sciences and way of life, is useful for learning about a new culture. Some cultures have good qualities and bad recipes, or perhaps do not fit the nature of our lives. For example, my presence in America has made me learn a lot of American cultures that if I find them in my country and may be useful to me or in raising my children such as opening the door to the person walks behind me, honestly I like this behavior which I miss this in my country. In general, the idea of quoting the culture that suits our societies may help us to develop from the reality of our lives.
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