Imperialism was an age where countries expanded into new continents and territories for military, economic and religious purposes. The idea of Social Darwinism spread which was originally introduced by Charles Darwin. However, Europeans interpreted his theory of natural selection as an idea that they had to civilize the uncivilized, which turned out to be Africa and Asia. They formed three types of governing bodies in different areas, colonies, protectorates, and spheres of influence, each doing something slightly different but all with the same idea, civilize the uncivilized.
In Africa, it was viewed that the natives were uncivilized people; how they ate and spoke were signs to the Europeans that the African people were uneducated. German leader, Otto Von Bismarck organized the Berlin conference to decide how Africa would be colonized. They decided
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China was divided up into spheres of influences for different countries, meaning they controlled exclusive trading rights in that area but weren't in control of the government. The Chinese revolted against the British in the first opium war when they tried to stop the British from exporting opium, however the British swiftly defeated the rebellion and forced the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Nanking opening five ports for the British to export opium, later China was forced to open up eleven more ports to the British. With many european countries controlling basically all of China a group called the Boxers, a nickname given to the Society of the Harmonious Fist, their goal was drive out the foreigners. They were secretly funded by the Chinese government and started a rebellion which came to be known as the Boxer rebellion. They launched a series of attacks against foreigners and the imperialistic powers sent a force of 25,000 troops to crush the boxers and china remained a sphere of influence and the countries kept making