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Why and with what consequences did the NAACP challenge Hoover’s nomination of John J. Parker to the Supreme Court in 1930? On the 21st of March 1930 following the death of Edward Sanford, then President Herbert Hoover nominated Judge John Johnston Parker to the United States Supreme Court. Before he was able to take his seat, his fate was in the hands of the US Senate, who had to make the decision on whether he was commendable of such a prestigious position. Due to the recent successes in the courts of those fighting cases for the NAACP, any decision to appoint a new Supreme Court Justice instantly became a matter of high interest for the association.
African Americans weren’t actually free during Reconstruction because they were initially not accorded the full rights of citizenship under the constitution, they were forced into submission by violence and intimidation, and were abridged the rights they had later gained by Black Codes. Despite the fact that African Americans were liberated from slavery, during the early years of Reconstruction, they were not equal citizens under the law. Even though blacks had fought loyally for the union, they were initially denied the right to vote (Doc a). The President of the United States, President Johnson, regarded black suffrage as something to radical that would “change the entire structure and character of the State governments,” (Doc b).
Numerous races have faced oppression all around the world. Africans faced severe oppression in America, which resulted in The Civil War. The Civil War gave rise to a number of plans to be written with the purpose of saving America after the horrors of the war. The Wade-Davis Bill was a harsher plan than some of those presented, however, it could have solved the most difficult issues facing the new Union after The Civil War. The Wade-Davis Bill was the best choice and would have provided peace and a firmer hold on the rebellious states and people.
During the time period of 1860 through 1877, there were horrid events that occurred. The North and the South states had an ongoing feud. They were feuding over the problems of slavery, and whether or not it should be a continued tradition. In 1861 through 1865 a massive event took place, the Civil War, where Abraham Lincoln was the face and figure of that time. This was without a doubt Americans fighting against fellow Americans.
“I saw over twelve colored men and women, beat, shot and hung between there and Shreveport,” former slave Henry Adams writes. After the Civil War, the legal institution of slavery was abolished unless used as a just punishment. Additionally, these “freedmen” were naturalized and made citizens of the United States which allegedly granted them equal protections, whatever color or race, would have; and, they were granted black male suffrage. Some may argue that African Americans were free after the Civil War for the obvious reasons of a document stating so. However, African Americans were not free post-Antebellum era because they were deprived of their rights as “Americans citizens” through the institution Black Codes and the continuation of
For years slavery was an issue but when the Emancipation Proclamation was issued some issues “resolved.” When this freedom statement was being issued to the Union and the Confederacy many slaves gained freedom and were allowed to fight. The Emancipation Proclamation impacted the war greatly due to the freeing of many slaves. In the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln was trying to free slaves in the Confederate States.
Argument research essay The Selective Service Act gives the United States president the authorization to draft soldiers into war. It was enacted in 1917 during World War I and last practiced during the Vietnam War is 1973, drafting 2.2 million soldiers. Although last used over forty years ago, today, men are still legally required to sign up for the draft within thirty days of their birthday or face consequences, fines, or prison time. When it was first instated, there were only approximately one-hundred-thousand people who volunteered for the military so then president, Woodrow Wilson, found it necessary to have a draft if the US were to stand a chance in
Although slavery was declared over after the passing of the thirteenth amendment, African Americans were not being treated with the respect or equality they deserved. Socially, politically and economically, African American people were not being given equal opportunities as white people. They had certain laws directed at them, which held them back from being equal to their white peers. They also had certain requirements, making it difficult for many African Americans to participate in the opportunity to vote for government leaders. Although they were freed from slavery, there was still a long way to go for equality through America’s reconstruction plan.
“The Tuskegee Airmen served a nation not willing to serve them. Their legacy made my rise in the military possible. I stood on their shoulders. They made America better for all of us.” General Colin Powell, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
As difficult as the economic crisis of the Great Depression was for white Americans, it was even harder on racial minorities, including black Americans, Mexican Americans, American Indians, and Asian Americans. In 1933 the general unemployment rate in the United States was over 25 percent; at the same time, unemployment rates for various American minorities ranged up to 50 percent or more. Given the severe racial discrimination in almost every facet of daily life in America through the 1920s, it was hard for many minorities to distinguish much difference between the Great Depression and "normal" economic times. Nonetheless, for these groups the Great Depression was worse than "normal" economic hardships they had suffered.
The Civil War and the period of Reconstruction brought significant political, social, and economic changes to American society, and these effects continued into the 20th century. Post Civil War (After the Civil War – The period after the Civil War) - President Abraham Lincoln and Congress were determined to rebuild the nation. Lincoln wanted to restore the Union by readmitting the southern states that had seceded, as well as provide African Americans with more rights. Period of Conflict -
As the war continued, in 1943, a quota was imposed allowing the number of African American males serving in the armed forces to be no greater than their numbers in the overall population, about 10.6 percent. At first, African American males serving were limited to work in labor units, but this restriction also changed as the war progressed, as soon after they were ultimately allowed in
The Emancipation Proclamation was an important act, the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln, allowing the freedom of all in the rebelling territories of the confederacy and allowing Blacks to join in the Union Army. At the beginning of the Civil War, the freed black people was ready to fight with Union, yet they were prevented from doing so. Popular racial stereotypes and discrimination against Blacks in the military contributed to the prevailing myth that Black men did not have the intelligence and bravery necessary to serve their country. By 1862, there was limited amount of White Union enlistment and confederate victories at Antietam forced the U.S. government to reconsider its racist policy.
Post Civil War, African Americans started to gain rights to gain rights, and soon gain rights equal to whites. While there were some people/things standing in their way (KKK, Black Codes), in the end they got what they needed; Equality. Many acts and laws were passed to aid the new rights now held by African Americans, as well as the numerous people willing to help. New Amendments were added to give African Americans rights after the war, all giving them some equal rights to whites. The first of the three added was the Thirteenth Amendment, it gave African Americans freedom from slave owners, and stated that no one could be kept as a slave in the U.S..
Roosevelt executive order established discrimination based on religion, race, and ethnicity in the defense industry was prohibited. That executive order made Dorothy be among the first group of African americans to be hired as a scientist or mathematician. However, President Roosevelt's executive order was not strong enough for local laws to separate colored mathematicians from white ones. Dorothy still took the job at NACA believing it would only be a temporary job. Dorothy had then been told to go to the segregated West Area Computing Unit.