European political revolutions between 18th and 19th century are exemplified by the French Revolution, which opposed to absolutism and patriarchy, gave birth to the idea of individuality, and thus changed Europeans’ daily life, including fashion, sex, food, music, and gender norms. The French Revolution transformed Europeans’ daily life by replacing aristocratic lifestyles with common people’s style with emphasis on individuality. The French Revolution transformed fashion to be approaches of self-expression, rather than the signifier of group identity. Meanwhile, calling for equality and countering feudalism, it also led a fashion of common people, which differentiated them from the aristocratic expensive style. It is remarkable because it is the first time that the ordinary people …show more content…
The pre-industrial complementarity of substance family, where both men and women worked in farm and run the family household, into industrial family pattern, where males worked in the factories and females worked at home, i.e. both the work and the family, and the working lives of men and women were separated. Therefore, the gender division was emphasized. Meanwhile there was in factories a hierarchy of gender that the skillful and lucrative work was reserved for males, while females could only do some light work and receive small wages, or run housework in the family, which, together with the decreasing of homemade economy, like homemade lace in England, both troubled females with double burden of work and domestic chores, and de-evaluated their contributions to families. Although family wages were called to be the compensation for females, it provided as an even stronger justification for male dominance within the family (Timm