However it did excited some and inspired further research at the nature of DNA. Such as the relative composition or bases that contain DNA, also X-ray studies and its structure. Francis Crick and James Watson Were in England in 1953 when they discovered DNA contained a two of a kind sequences of complementary bases. Encodes in genes are ordered by DNA. Hershey-Chase:
Introduction In the book The Double Helix, by James D. Watson, it explains the journey for James Watson and Francis Crick on finding the deoxyribonucleic acid, or better known as DNA, structure. It was a great book containing a lot of information on the journey. In the book, it contained great information on James Watson's life, Francis Crick's life, reasons they wanted to find the DNA structure, important people to the discovery, and the journey on finding the DNA structure. (Watson, 7-223)
But Franklin persisted on the DNA project. J. D. Bernal called her X-ray photographs of DNA, "the most beautiful X-ray photographs of any substance ever taken." Between 1951 and 1953 Rosalind Franklin came very close to solving the DNA structure. She was beaten to publication by Crick and Watson in part because of the friction between Wilkins and herself. At one point, Wilkins showed Watson one of Franklin 's crystallographic portraits of DNA.
The motivations that led to the discovery of DNA were from a medical student named Friedrich Miescher in Germany 1869. Instead of becoming a physician, he studied the cell chemistry of the human body. He had a particular involvement. He collected oozing stuff that came from wounds. He thought it might be helpful in understanding proteins.
In early 1950’s, James Watson and Francis Crick have also investigated the structure of DNA. However this time, the structural model of DNA is formed. On their investigation, they compiled and analyzed all the existing study about the structure of DNA rather than conducting an experiment in a laboratory. Some works that they used as added idea in creating the model are the Chargaff’s rule and Franklin’s “X-ray Crystallography image of DNA.” Their final output is a “DNA Double Helix Model.”
The Double Helix is four bases, two of the bases are bonded in pairs, for example “G with C” and “A with T”, they are arranged like steps on a spiral staircase inside two strands of sugar-phosphates running in opposite directions. James Watson and Francis Crick discovered this structure, they were also rewarded with the Nobel Prize. But Rosalind Franklin was the one
Structure of DNA As technology grew and scientist were getting closer to discover the structure of DNA, four scientists helped each other to make the discovery possible. The four scientists were Franklin, Wilkins, Pauling, Watson, and Crick. All four of these scientists come from different fields of study and all had to bring a piece of the puzzle to the table. Wilkins and a student at his lab, Raymond Gosling, decided to use a technique called X-ray diffraction.
Having done this work, he became the first to order the amino acids and obtain a protein sequence, for which he later won a Nobel Prize. He concluded that if proteins were ordered molecules, then the DNA that makes them must have an order as well. In 1962,
Rosalind discovered that DNA could exist in two forms and also discovered that within her x-Ray of DNA, the wet form of DNA had all the characteristics of a helix. Watson and Crick, after later looking at Franklin’s results, suggested that the molecules of DNA were made of two
On 25 April 1953, a paper appeared in Nature that was to transform the life sciences from biochemistry and agriculture, to medicine and genetics. James Watson, a young American and an Englishman, Francis Crick, then at Cambridge University proposed a double helical model for the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule. (3) Crick and Watson used model building to reveal the renowned double helix of DNA, but the X-ray crystallographic data of Rosalind Franklin ( Picture 1 on the Left) and Maurice Wilkins at King's College, London, were crucial to the discovery that allowed Watson and Crick to work out the 3D structure of DNA which was found to be a double helix.(1) After the discovery of the nuclein by Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher
She said that the DNA’s backbone lied on the outside of the molecule. Also, she said that the DNA’s basic shape was helical. Twenty five years later, the first clear contribution from Franklin appeared. The structure of DNA now know as the Double Helix, was hidden from sight under data that Franklin couldn’t interpret. In an issue of Nature was the first publication the less chaotic X-ray image of DNA.
(“Dr. Rosalind Franklin”). Up until this point, the shape and structure of DNA was unknown. This attempt by Franklin produced the first image of a DNA molecule. However, she did not manage to discover the double helix structure on her own. Watson and Crick would be given credit for this achievement after “[gleaning] crucial insights about DNA's structure from one of her x-ray diffraction photos shown to them by Wilkins… Watson and Crick never told Franklin that they had seen her materials, and they did not directly acknowledge their debt to her work” (Biographical Overview).
In the past month, three scientists were awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry for their studies and discoveries in molecular DNA repair. Lindhal, Modrich, and Sancar all studied damages in DNA over the past 40 years. These three scientists observed that DNA is fragile and can be damaged by sunlight, chemicals, or even get impaired by every day actions. DNA is an important part in all living organisms so after observing the mistakes in the nitrogen containing bases, also known as Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine, the scientists all generally hypothesized the existence of some sort of repair system in DNA. They then used molecular chemistry to discover the existence of a repair method and further the study of effective drugs.
In 1953 Watson and Crick discovered the double helix. They were both curious about the structure of the DNA since it was the main component (molecule) of life. There were four nitrogen bases which were: T, A, C, G, and these were paired with the corresponding one, this was proposed by Levene. However, his tetranucleotide theory was incorrect, he believed that the DNA had a sequence that was repetitive. Erwin Chargaff later discovered that the T and A belonged together and then the C and the G, this was because their number came close to one another.
On our DNA molecules are four components, which are called nucleotides. These nucleotides are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The DNA molecules form a twisted ladder shape when the nucleotides pair together in long chains. Therefore, we inherit our traits from our parents, who have had passed down
