How Did The Columbian Exchange Affect The New World

Columbian Exchange is “the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from the Old World to the New World and from the New World to the Old World” (Patterns, p.515. The Columbian Exchange brought with them diseases and livestock such as horse. The Columbian Exchange brought new populations of both the Europeans and Africans to the New World. The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural aspect of both the New World and Old World. During the Columbian Exchange diseases from the Old World included “smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and chicken pox; the New World consist of syphilis, polio, and hepatitis” (Patterns, p.516). With all these new things entering the New World, they had peopled to do labor forcefully. This led to

Slaves from sub-Saharan Africa were being traded across the Sahara Desert and throughout the Indian Ocean as far back as the seventh century. Most of the slaves that remained in Africa were women, as men made up two-thirds of slaves traded across the Atlantic. The slave trade was significant in many ways. For example, the slaves themselves got a chance to see the suffering that was caused by the white people. People forced into slavery came from different walks of life. The slave trade started when European sailed to African ports. Africans (captured to be slaves) were forced to work. Slaves were mistreated, “roped, chained, or gang together by forked tree trunks” (Patterns, p.555). “The slaves were chained to tiny bunks arranged in tiers configured to maximize the space of the hold. Food was minimal, usually corn mush, and sanitation nonexistent” (Patterns, p. 556). These slaves’ work in the field that their owners own. Working on the sugar plantation was one of their tasks that they had to

The Manchus had ways on how to have China has their own. The Ming dynasty was overthrown by Qing/Manchu. They organized their troops under banner system, which is “organized for military and tax purposes that expanded under the Qing to provide segregated Manchu elites and garrisons in major cities and towns” (Patterns, p. 596). The Qing empire initiated adjustment when all Chinese (Asian) men “regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back as a sign of loyalty to the new order” (Patterns, p. 559-600). I think an obstacle that the Qing Empire faced was a weakened military, rebellions, and conflicts. Trade between China and European began to be affected. Any Europeans who wanted to trade had to go to the city of Canton, where they created a canton system. However, country such as Great Britain and France needed supplies such as “tea, ceramics, and silks” (Patterns, p. 604) from China. Great Britain refused to trade with the Europeans due to China voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean around the 15th century and also the expansion in the 18th century. China wasn’t interesting in European goods anymore; hence led to tension between the both of them. I also think they (China) didn’t want help from the outside world knowing that their empire was