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How To Write A Lab Report Vicinal Dihalide

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Aim The purpose of this lab experiment was to synthesize vicinal dihalides and to use the silver nitrate test to test whether bromine is present in the product. Introduction Halogenating an alkene will produce vicinal halides, which are compounds that have halogens on adjacent carbons. Halogenation occurs rapidly when Br2 or Cl2 are used as they give stable products. However, F2 is highly unstable and it gives side products thus, Br2 was used in this experiment. Bromination of alkenes occurs through the process of electrophilic addition reaction. Electrophilic addition reaction is when a nucleophile, which is the alkene which bears the negative charge as it has a pi () bond and is able to donate electrons, attacks an electrophile halogen atom which bear the partially positive charge. …show more content…

This polarization causes a partial positive charge on one bromine (electrophile) and a partial negative charge on the other bromine. The pi bond of the carbons break and a sigma bond of carbon and bromine is made. Instead of a carbocation, the other carbon also forms a nonbonding electron pair with the bromine. This cyclic bromonium ion stabilizes the positive charge and there is no need of a carbocation formation. Then the other bromide ion acts as the nucleophile and attacks the other carbon which bears the partial positive charge and breaks the cyclic interaction. This bromide ion forms a carbon and bromide sigma bond and adds to the side opposite the other carbon bromine bond. This is known as the anti-addition of bromine and it produces trans vicinal dihalides. Thus, stereochemistry is very important in the formation of vicinal dihalides and if the alkene was not symmetrical substituted then a pair of enantiomers will

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Observations The purpose of this experiment was to be able to synthesize triphenylmethyl bromide from triphenylmethanol by a trityl carbocation intermediate. During the experiment, 0.100 g of triphenylmethanol was placed into a small test tube. The triphenylmethanol looked like a white powder. Next 2 mL of acetic acid was added to the test tube and the solution turned a cloudy white color.

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The hypothesis was supported by the employed methods. Introduction: This experiment was performed to show how bromination of alkenes reacts, and to be able to successfully synthesize meso-stilbene dibromide. The reaction of bromine with alkenes is an addition reaction where the nucleophilic double bond attacks the electrophilic bromine

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The product obtained was (2S, 3R)-2, 3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid and (2R, 3S)-2, 3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid, which are enantiomers. This was determined through melting point analysis. The melting point range for the product was 198 to 202 degrees Celsius, which is a lot close to the given melting point of the anti-addition product, 202-204 degrees Celsius. The given melting point range was 93.5-95 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, the syn-addition product is unlikely and difficult to produce due to stereochemistry selectivity.

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The purpose of this lab was to carry out two Diels-Alder reactions; Part 1 focused on obtaining, and characterizing through IR spectroscopy and melting point range, a diastereomeric mixture of 7-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride produced from furan and maleic anhydride, while the goal in Part 2 was to produce dihydroanthracene succinic anhydride from anthracene and maleic anhydride and characterize the product using its melting point range. Since more extensive experiments such as mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and/or 13C NMR were not carried out in either part, the product structures’ cannot be confidently ascertained. Nonetheless, it will be assumed that at least the predicted products were isolated. For Part 1, the product in the reaction mixture was a near-transparent solid mass of prismatic crystals, while the isolated crystals were long, needle-like, and translucent white. This observation agrees with the literature appearance of “crystalline and white.”

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The bromide ion then attacks one of the carbons in the double bond, forming a bond with that carbon, and causing the other bromine atom to form a bond with the opposite carbon, resulting in the

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