ipl-logo

Balanced-Equation Of Methyl Benzoate Lab Report

335 Words2 Pages

The aim of experiment 12 was to synthesize the mono-substituted aromatic compound, methyl m-nitrobenzoate, from methyl benzoate and a nitrating agent. conc. HNO3 C8H8O2 C8H7NO4 conc. H2SO4 Figure 1. Balanced-equation of methyl benzoate to methyl m-nitrobenzoate. Introduction In the presence of a good electrophile, an organic aromatic reactant in specific conditions is likely to undergo a chemical reaction, namely, electrophilic aromatic substitution. An electrophilic aromatic substitution involves the substitution of an unsaturated bond in an aromatic ring with an electrophile (E), to form an arenium ion or sigma complex (-C+-CEH-). Deprotonation at the arenium ion will result in the reformation of the unsaturated bond to preserve stability and the molecule's aromacity. This specific mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution is called arenium ion mechanism, and in order to accommodate the aromatic compound's high electron density, the electrophile attacks from the top or bottom, sterically (Fig 2). …show more content…

An EDG activates an aromatic molecule, towards ortho- or para- substitution, by increasing stability of the arenium ion through hyperconjugation, overlapping a sigma bond of a neighboring carbon, or the increase of electron density from the EDG. On the other hand, an EWG deactivates an aromatic molecule, towards meta- substitution, by destabilizing the arenium ion through the inductive effect of halogens or decreasing electron density from the

Show More
Related
1039 Words | 5 Pages

Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.

Read More
1399 Words | 6 Pages

It is understood the mechanism is acid-catalyzed where protons coordinate with the carbonyl oxygen to make the carbonyl carbon more electropositive for nucleophilic attack (Scheme 1). In the experimental procedure all reactants were added together, this is inefficient as the protons can coordinate with either trans-cinnamic acid or methanol. Coordination with methanol is unnecessary as it reduces its nucleophilicity and makes less protons available to coordinate with the carboxylic acid. To improve

Read More
320 Words | 2 Pages

In the article, Rhodacarboranes as catalysts for oxidative coupling of benzoic acid with diphenylacetylene, it has proven that the reactions catalyzed by [CpRhI2]2 afford the product in 90% yields.2 Furthermore, in the book, Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetraphenylnaphthalene yield 80% when synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed reaction.3 In both cases, it has proven that the use of catalyst is common to give higher yield of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Catalyst does not increase the yield, but it helps lower the activation energy of the reaction, allowing the reaction to proceed

Read More
517 Words | 3 Pages

In this technique the chiral selector is not immobilized on a stationary phase surface, but it is added to the buffer solution and migrates with a different speed than the surrounding buffer solution. Enantiomers have same electrophoretic mobility CE, but when the chiral selector is added to the background electrolyte different mobilities are acquired because of the different

Read More
472 Words | 2 Pages

As the name implies, the bromination mechanism in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that replaces an atom on the ring with a bromine atom. The addition of the bromine is driven by the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and a bromine atom. In most bromination mechanisms, liquid bromine is the preferred reagent to complete the reaction. However, due to potential safety concerns, the aromatic ring was brominated by using a compound of hydrobromic acid and potassium bromate in an acetic acid solution (see Figure 2 for the bromine formation).1 Liquid bromine is known for generating hazardous fumes, so this solution is significantly safer for bromine production. This formation of bromine is crucial for the bromination reaction to

Read More
413 Words | 2 Pages

In our examples above, the metals lose all valence electrons to obtain a noble gas configurationn, one for group I and two for group II. The halogens gain an electron to obtain eight valence electrons and a noble gas configuration for the anion. Cl: [Ne] 3s23p5 + e- --

Read More
821 Words | 4 Pages

The purpose of this experiment was to learn about the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions that take place on benzene, and how the presence of substituents in the ring affect the orientation of the incoming electrophile. Using acetanilide, as the starting material, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid were mixed and stirred to produce p-nitroacetanilide. In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 3.305 g of acetanilide were allowed to mix with 5.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. This mixture was warmed in a hot plate with constantly stirring at a lukewarm temperature so as to avoid excess heating. If this happens, the mixture boils and it would be necessary to start the experiment all over again.

Read More
629 Words | 3 Pages

In other lab procedures, benzoic acid is sometimes substituted for anisole in the Friedel-Craft acylation. However, the reason benzoic acid

Read More
1226 Words | 5 Pages

The order of reactivity of substituted benzyl alcohols with CBI is p-OCH3 > p-CH3 > m-OCH3 > H > p-Br > p-Cl > m-CH3 > m-NO2 > m-Cl > m-Br > p-NO2 (x). Activation and thermodynamic parameters have been calculated for benzyl alcohol and substituted benzyl alcohols (Table. 3). The reaction rates are governed by the changes in both the enthalpy and entropy of activation. This is further supported by the lower values of Ea.

Read More
802 Words | 4 Pages

Lecturer Date Introduction Theoretical Background Procedure The procedure was segmented into two categories, the reaction set up and the crude product isolation. Reaction set up The magnetic stirrer was prepared through placing it in the fume cupboard. 1 mmol of L-Phenylalanine was placed and weighed in a 5 mL conical vial.

Read More
1692 Words | 7 Pages

mechanism is operated by hydrolysis. The hydroxyl group (-OH) of NaOH attacks an electrophilic carbon of >C =O group which an removal of tertiary Nitrogen gives 4-MBA and PD as by products. Degradation study of Product 02 using Aqueous 1N NaOH solution . The mechanism is operated by hydrolysis.

Read More
536 Words | 3 Pages

The reaction to synthesize benzocaine was known as a Fisher esterification reaction. The Fisher esterification was reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of acid. The reaction was used to form an ester. In the experiment, sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst and necessary for this reaction to occur. There was a change between the –OH group of carboxylic acid to an –OCH2CH3 group in the reaction.

Read More
1073 Words | 5 Pages

Hardee and his group developed a process of activation of aliphatic carboxylic acids taking 3, 3-dichlorocyclopropenes in presence of tertiary amine base , DIPEA (diisopropylethylamine)[22] FIGURE 3.3 ACTIVATION OF ALIPHATIC ACID Racemization is frequent in the course of coupling reaction at the C-terminal amino acid residue due to the ionization of the α-hydrogen atom and formation of an oxazolone intermediate in peptide synthesis, so of course this will not reagent of choice in peptide synthesis, where suitable peptide coupling reagent can be selected, which is out of scope of this review.[22] 3.2 SELECTED PROCESS Out of all the processes mentioned in the survey, these processes were selected on the behalf of having most appropriate reaction conditions and environment of the research lab, i.e modification with

Read More
782 Words | 4 Pages

The condensation product between the aromatic aldehydes and the aromatic ketones are 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones, which are commonly known as chalcones. If any other types of aldehydes and ketones are used, the product is frequently known as α,β-unsaturated ketones. Chalcones and α,β-unsaturated ketones have been captivating, the medicinal,[1] synthetic,[2] and applied chemists[3] by virtue of their structural units (Figure 1) which have been gained many access to tailor the molecule suitably for wide range of applications in medicinal,[1] synthetic,[2] and applied chemistry.[3] The fluorine has the special topic of interest among the chemists as its introduction into the organic molecules leads to a dramatic changes in their physical and chemical properties.[4] The recent activities show a remarkable growth in fluorine chemistry as the chemists practiced to do polishing the organic molecules with fluorine to improve their properties, leading to widespread applications in medicinal,[4b,c,5] agrochemicals,[6]

Read More
767 Words | 4 Pages

Abstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.

Read More

More about Balanced-Equation Of Methyl Benzoate Lab Report

Open Document