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Balanced-Equation Of Methyl Benzoate Lab Report

335 Words2 Pages

The aim of experiment 12 was to synthesize the mono-substituted aromatic compound, methyl m-nitrobenzoate, from methyl benzoate and a nitrating agent. conc. HNO3 C8H8O2 C8H7NO4 conc. H2SO4 Figure 1. Balanced-equation of methyl benzoate to methyl m-nitrobenzoate. Introduction In the presence of a good electrophile, an organic aromatic reactant in specific conditions is likely to undergo a chemical reaction, namely, electrophilic aromatic substitution. An electrophilic aromatic substitution involves the substitution of an unsaturated bond in an aromatic ring with an electrophile (E), to form an arenium ion or sigma complex (-C+-CEH-). Deprotonation at the arenium ion will result in the reformation of the unsaturated bond to preserve stability and the molecule's aromacity. This specific mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution is called arenium ion mechanism, and in order to accommodate the aromatic compound's high electron density, the electrophile attacks from the top or bottom, sterically (Fig 2). …show more content…

An EDG activates an aromatic molecule, towards ortho- or para- substitution, by increasing stability of the arenium ion through hyperconjugation, overlapping a sigma bond of a neighboring carbon, or the increase of electron density from the EDG. On the other hand, an EWG deactivates an aromatic molecule, towards meta- substitution, by destabilizing the arenium ion through the inductive effect of halogens or decreasing electron density from the

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