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Capillary Electroosmotic Chromatography Lab Report

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Quantification and separation of chiral compound are considerable appealing because of the difference in pharmacological and toxicological properties of enantiomers. Sometimes one of the enantiomers demonstrates the desirable effect while the other could be less active or inactive or even have adverse effects.44 Several technique such as HPLC, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and GC are used for separation of chiral compound. As a complimentary technique, capillary electrophoresis is also used for enantiomer separation.45 This technique has the advantage of high efficiency due to the plug-like flow profile which is created by the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and the low solvent and selector consumption.46 In CE, electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) is mostly used of chiral separation. In this technique the chiral selector is not immobilized on a stationary phase surface, but it is added to the buffer solution and migrates with a different speed than the surrounding buffer solution. Enantiomers have same electrophoretic mobility CE, but when the chiral selector is added to the background electrolyte different mobilities are acquired because of the different …show more content…

They are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of linked D-glucose molecules. The most common commercial CDs are α-CD molecules, β -CD, and ϒ -CD which are composed of 6, 7, and 8 glucose molecule, respectively. In most of the CE chiral separations, positively charged or negatively charge CDs are used48. In most cases in EKC, negatively or positively charged derivatives of CDs are added to background electrolyte. In this system, the CD will have a stronger interaction with one of the enantiomers and the combination of the charged CD and the analyte will have a higher or lower velocity than the buffer solution and therefore the separation of the enantiomers will

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In the first test tube, 0.023 grams of 1-aspirin was used. In the second test tube, 0.028 grams of 2-acetaminophen was used. In the third test tube, 0.022 grams of the 3-unknown was used. In the fourth test tube, 0.028 grams of 4-caffeine was used and finally, in that last test tube, 0.031 grams of ibuprofen was used. The Unknown number for this experiment was 4.

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PCR Forensics using Gel Electrophoresis INTRODUCTION In our experiment, we used gel electrophoresis to observe the PCR products of two suspects’ DNA. In our experiment, we were trying to solve the following crime: “A man was assaulted one night when leaving the automated teller machine at his bank. An eyewitness had clearly seen a man fleeing the scene, and almost identified him from pictures of likely suspects. However, the man identified by the eyewitness has a brother who looks very much like him, although they are not twins.

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The other solvents the two partners used had adequate separation; however, the 75% ethyl acetate-25% hexane solvent attained the best separation. A solvent that is too polar will cause the compounds to travel too much and not give a great separation. A non-polar solvent will cause the compounds to not travel far enough to give a good separation. The 3rd TLC plate results are as seen

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Forensic analyst are challenged every day with the task of identification of different materials from unknown sources. An area commonly used in forensic chemistry is partitioning, which is the separation of mixtures using a set of laboratory techniques. Partitioning takes a substance and divides it into parts. For partitioning to take place an analyte of a greater affinity for 1 phase over the other equilibrium conditions are manipulated to maximize partitioning.

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Within this experiment extractions will be used extensively to carry out its purpose. Extractions are a method that is important in the chemical field, it is used to separate a mixture into its components. It is done by having a a solution and adding a solvent to it that would be immiscible with the solvent of the original solution. By adding this solvent and mixing it with the preexisting solution, the result will be a solution with two clear layers. The top layer would contained the aqueous solvent, while the bottom layer would contained the organic solvent.

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TLC Introduction Chromatography is a physical method used to separate chemical mixtures into their distinctive constituents. The chemical mixture is allowed to dissolve in the fluid (mobile phase). The mobile phase carries a chemical mixture through a structure containing other packed material (stationary phase). Different components of the chemical mixture move at different speeds through the stationary phase, and this enables them to separate into characteristic chemical constituents. The separation of the mixture depends on the differential partitioning that exists between the stationary phase and mobile phase.

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Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) via an electric field. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a variation of gel electrophoresis that is used to separate proteins by size alone. SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) is a detergent with a negative charge. When a protein is heated with SDS, it is denatured and only retains its primary structure.

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Name: Miranda Andrews Class: BIO 480 Lab Report 1: Osmosis Due: February 22, 2017 The Membrane Permeability of Potato Cells when placed in a Sucrose Solution in the Presence and Absence of Silver Nitrate Abstract: Osmosis is the diffusion of solutes and water across a concentration gradient through channels, specifically aquaporins, to reach an equilibrium. This experiment was conducted to use potato cells and Elodea canadensis plant cells placed in various concentrations of sucrose solutions to demonstrate the process of osmosis. The experiment was also used to demonstrate the inhibitory effects that silver nitrate has on the aquaporin channels of the cell membrane by adding silver nitrate to half of the potato cell and plant leaf solutions.

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The TLC plate was used to show the process and length of the reaction between the chalcone and sodium borohydride. It can be observed that reaction has finished when there are no spots of reactant left on the plate. On the plates from this experiment, it can be seen that the reaction had not finished after 40 minutes. Thin Layer Chromatography can be used to identify different chemicals in compounds. Each chemical has its own unique Rf value which can be used for identification.3 UV light was used for visualisation because the reaction solution was clear and the movement up the TLC plate could not be seen with visual light.

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Thin Layer Chromatography were carried out to check the presence of active compounds in ethyl acetate - n-hexane fraction [14] by using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a solvent at different ratio (8:2). Once the desired fractions (squalene fraction) were identified, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the compounds were isolated. The squalene compound was conformed through GC-MS and C NMR and H NMR studies. Thin Layer Chromatography were carried out to check the presence of active compounds in ethyl acetate - n-hexane fraction [14] by using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a solvent at different ratio (8:2). Once the desired fractions (squalene fraction) were identified, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the compounds

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Agarose gel electrophoresis is an easy and common technique of separating and analyzing DNA. The main objective of this lab is to find the sire of the offspring using gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is used in laboratories to isolate charged molecules like DNA, RNA, and particular proteins according to their specific size. The charged molecules travel through the gel when an electric current is spread across it. The electric current is applied across the gel so that the ends of the gel have a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge.

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Gas chromatography is a helpful technique to separate and analyze volatile compounds. In this experiment, ethanol and pentanol are both nonpolar, so they are separated based on their boiling points. Ethanol has a higher boiling point than pentanol, so it elutes first and its peaks can be seen first on all the chromatograms (Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5). It is useful to be able to separate ethanol and determine its percentage, like in this experiment, in the case of alcohol concentration in beer.

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Living organisms are very complex as there are many different functions occurring simultaneously throughout the day. One of these functions is called Osmosis, and besides carrying nutrient rich liquid across cell membranes, an important task of Osmosis is to maintain an ideal concentration of solute within the cell. This means that it helps maintain a stable internal environment in an organism by equaling pressure and allows the absorption of nutrients. Many things alter the rate of Osmosis, like temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the “movement of water molecules across the semipermeable membrane,” thus resulting in higher osmosis(A) .

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