Quantification and separation of chiral compound are considerable appealing because of the difference in pharmacological and toxicological properties of enantiomers. Sometimes one of the enantiomers demonstrates the desirable effect while the other could be less active or inactive or even have adverse effects.44 Several technique such as HPLC, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and GC are used for separation of chiral compound. As a complimentary technique, capillary electrophoresis is also used for enantiomer separation.45 This technique has the advantage of high efficiency due to the plug-like flow profile which is created by the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and the low solvent and selector consumption.46 In CE, electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) is mostly used of chiral separation.
Absorption Absorption of chlorpyrifos varies with species to species. In humans, about 70% was absorbed after oral exposure of volunteers. For the metabolite, 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), the minimal dermal absorption was 1-3%. It is to be noted that chlorpyrifos (cpf) is rapidly absorbed and transported to the brain through oral dosing [66]. Distribution
From the experiment, the amounts of chlorpyrifos for three samples were identified. Based on the peaks, the retention times of the samples were between 6.711 until 6.714 minutes. The sample amount of standard was 30ppm. The response factor of the standard sample amount calculated for the standard sample was 11202 Hz s-1/s.
When given unknown solid the main objective is to find what the unknown solid is. To figure out what the unknow solid is it was put through some tests and trial to figure out what was the unknown solid. Chemistry is part of everyday life and the reason to investigate unknown solids is to ensure we're not in contact or consume dangerous chemicals .Other people were given an unknown substance and were trying to figure out what there unknown solid was as well and there was duplicates of the same solids. The goal is to find the group that best matches our result and compare to see if the compound is the same.
Major unknown #202 was given out by the instructor, and the unknown bacterium was streaked out on a Trypticase Soy Agar tube and plate to inoculating the bacterium and incubating. After incubated and grown the morphology was observed and several Gram stains were performed to determinate if the bacterium were gram positive or negative, and the morphology of the bacterium. The Gram Stain of my major unknown #202 was determinate to be Gram negative bacilli, and was double checked by the Gram check slide. Also I noticed that my bacterium was a facultative anaerobe and according to my results of endospore test, my bacterium has not endospores. So according to the list of possible major unknowns provided by the instructor, I narrow my bacterium thru
Abstract Much of the biological study depends on specie identification, yet many of the taxonomic identifications are flawed. Many scientists are convinced that in order to create best identification is to use DNA barcoding. Few established genes that are globally accepted are rbcL and Matk in chloroplast for plants and Co1 mitochondrial DNA for animals. In order to prove this, we will perform a study where we receive an Unknown sample and by extracting the DNA from that unknown and creating more copies we will perform gel electrophoresis where we will sequencing the gene of the unknown and identify the sample using phylogenetics, Further more we will identify the taxonomy.
The molecular-based method used by the scientists to differentiate between the species of daisies was gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins by their sizes. To begin with, samples are loaded at the top of the gel in the same horizontal position. Once the samples are loaded, an electric current is applied, which allows the charged molecules to migrate to the opposite end. For example, negative charged molecules will migrate towards the positive end.
The purpose of this experiment is to analyze and identify specific proteins from a mixture of proteins using the purify technique of size exclusion chromatography. The use of size exclusion chromatography also called Gel filtration allows to separate proteins according to size (molecular weight) and shape. The idea of separating molecules base of the physical sizes depends on the stationary phase and the mobile phase. Selecting the appropriate stationary phase and mobile phase is vital to obtain successful separations. Stationary phase is made of microscopic beads which consist of a cross-linked polysaccharide which forms porous beads or bead-like matrix that is packed into a column.
2.2 Chemicals and reagents The API of AN (99.9% pure) 1000mg was purchased from market. HPLC grade acetonitrile (SD fine limited). Analytical grade hydrochloric acid ,sodium hydroxide flakes, hydrogen peroxide. Milli-Q Water purchased from market.. 2.3 Details of Method Chromatographic conditions: Reversed Phase High Performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection separation was achieved on zorbox Agilent Eclipsc XDB column c18(150 nm× 4.6 mm×5µm) as stationary phase with binary gradient mode solvent phase A. Composed of H3PO4(ortho phosphoric acid ) buffer ( pH ≈2, 0.02M) and phase B as Acetonitrile ,The Flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min and the total elution time including the column re-equilibration was approximately
Hypothesis: Increasing substrate concentration will increase the initial reaction rate until it stops increasing and flattens out. Independent Variable: Substrate concentration Dependent Variable: The substrate itself, 1.0% Hydrogen Peroxide How Dependent Variable will be Measured: Hydrogen Peroxide will be used in every experiment, just with different test tubes. The amount of Hydrogen Peroxide in the mixing table is the amount that will be added to each test tube.
The purpose of this lab was to learn how to design a lab and different separation techniques. This was learned by separating a mixture. The purpose of the lab is important because it gives a better understanding on how to design a lab and separate a mixture. The scientific method played a major role in the lab as it helped create the lab. Background information was gathered on each of the substances (salt, sand, iron filings, poppy seeds).
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Abstract This experiment uses the TLC chromatography technique to identify the presence of acetylsalicylic and Acetaminophen in analgesic drugs (Tylenol and Anacin). It was found that the Anacin and acetylsalicylic had very closer Rf values (0.8 and 0.79). The Tylenol and acetaminophen had closer Rf values (0.54 and 0.58).
Detection and Purification A Monascus pigments is a complex of azaphilone compounds, which can be separated by using various analytical techniques. UV- Visible spectrophotometric methods The UV-Visible spectrophotometric method is usually used for the confirmation of pigments produced by Monascus with taking absorbance at a respective wavelength. i.e. Yellow pigment at 400, Orange 470, and Red at 500 nm.
Electrophoresis – An Introduction • An analytical technique in which the motion of scattered particles run through a fluid under the influence of uniformly charged field is called electrophoresis. • This phenomenon was first observed by Ferdinand Frederic Reuss followed by Arne Tiselius who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on electrophoresis, adsorption analysis and his discoveries concerning the complex nature of serum protein. It is a technique used in laboratories in order to separate macromolecules based on molecular size and charge. • This technique applies a negative charge so proteins move towards a positive charge.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS: After successful extraction of phospholipids from their source analysis can be performed for the detection of specific phospholipids. This section will discuss chromatographic methods used for the analysis of phospholipids. All systems of chromatography consist of a stationary and mobile phase. A monster placed on a stationary phase, i.e., a solid or a liquid, and the mobile phase, a gas or a liquid, is allowed by modifying the system. The components of the sample will be separated on the basis of their ranging physical and chemical properties, imparting different affinities for the two phases.
