K.D.A. Saboia et al. , (2007) have been prepared the Bi4Ti3O12–CaCu3Ti4O12 {[BIT(X)–CCTO(100-X)]} composite powders through solid state reaction method and calcined in the range of 900 to 1020 ºC for 12 h. The as-prepared powders have modified in the form of thick film onto alumina ceramic substrate by utilizing screen printing. At 100 Hz, the value of dielectric constant (κ) of CCTO100 and BIT100 is 316.61 and 53.64 respectively. Conversely, the composite with X=20 % shows an unexpected dielectric constant of 409.71, which is around 20% higher in comparison with the CCTO.
The next part of the experiment, alkyl halide classification tests, will be used to determine the degree of substitution of the alkyl halide that was formed during the reaction. For this experiment specifically, this allows for the verification of the formation of a primary bromoalkane from the primary alcohol. The success of the experiment will be determined by a percent yield, analysis of the infrared spectroscopy reading, and the results of the alkyl
TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.
The initial colorless elute was collected in a 20 mL beaker. The colored bands started to separate and progress towards the bottom of the column. Methylene chloride was continuously added to maintain the solvent level above the top sand layer in the column. About 4 mL was needed to elute the first colored band. Once the first colored band reached the bottom of the column, a clean vial was switched and used to collect the first colored fraction.
Introduction: In this experiment, the identity and absolute configuration of an unknown chiral secondary alcohol will be determined using NMR and CEC. By using the given NMR data, the identity of the alcohol an be determined. In order to identify the stereochemistry of the alcohol, it will have to undergo an esterification reaction in which propionic anhydride, two enantiomers of HBTM(each used in different reactions), and triethylamine are used. Thin layer chromatography will be run at a specified time in the reaction, and the results will be examined both quantitatively(via ImageJ) and qualitatively to which reaction reacted more quickly.
Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report Miranda Tyree Lab Partner: Caitlin Price TA: Yi Zhou Lab Time: Thursday, 12 pm Lab Room: 207 Date: 09/23/2016 Abstract Experiments were performed to determine the active chemical ingredients in Tylenol and Anacin.
Because the heating block readily increased in temperature, the temperature had to be adjusted accordingly to prevent the overheating the reaction. Initially, the color of the reaction turned into a dark green color and over time became a lighter shade with a minimal solid left. The reaction process lasted for 2 hours. As the reaction heated for 2 hours, a 50 mL beaker was weighed, approximately 12 mL of 20% ethyl acetate in hexane solution was added to a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 2.0 mL of saturated NaCl solution was added to a labeled test
In this experiment, preparative gas chromatography was performed to isolate components present in a mixture before infrared spectroscopy was utilized to determine the separated parts. At the start of the lab, unknown # C-2 at 170C was provided for testing. When the GC was ran, the retention time for fraction 1 started with 2.12 minutes and ended with 2.96 minutes. The retention time for fraction 2 started at 4.56 minutes and ended at 5.96 minutes. After centrifugation, a small amount of the sample was pulled to the bottom of the conical vials to be used in the infrared spectroscopy.
After initial measuring of the sulfuric acid and ammonium chloride and ammonium bromide, several important methods were used to complete the experiment. In procedure A after 1-butanol was measured out and added to the measurement of the solvent-nucleophile mixture, the reaction mixture was heated under reflux. Since most organic reactions can be very slow and take a long time to be completed, reflux heating can be used as a way to increase the reaction rate in many experimentsD. Also, since many organic substances have lower boiling points and their vapor will rise by being heated and can be lost by evaporation, heating the reaction mixture with a water-cooled condenser can help prevent the reagents or product from leaving or escaping the mixture
We then put five mL of chromatography solvent into a Coplin jar and set the silica gel strip into it where the drops were above the solvent then closed the lid. We then removed the strip when the solvent reaches the top of the strip and then marked the colors from top to bottom in the table. Then we calculated the Rf value for each color. After, we began taking “readings for each pigment from 400 nm to 700 nm in 50 nm increments” (Hayden, 2017). Then we recorded the
The last band all the way at the top of the sheet was a thin orange line. It traveled much farther than all the other bands, leaving a big space. The Rf Value reached up to 0.94, the highest measurement. This made it very apparent that it was the pigment
While under the UV light the mixtures appeared a purple colour. The R_fValue Starting material: R_F=2.6/4.5 = 0.58 The sum: R_F=2.55/4.5 = 0.57
Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.
However, any doubts regarding the results may be traced to a few elements of the experiment that lend themselves to possible error. The following factors may have contributed to potential errors in the experiment; the need to zero the machine between each of the readings in obtaining the absorption spectrum and the resulting peak wavelength, the precision with which a person can accurately adjust the needle on the spectrophotometer to zero is limited, not putting in the inaccurate amount of cobalt chloride or water into the substance, and getting oil from our fingers onto the
The solution with the pigments was spotted 15 times on both region A and region B and then allowed to dry. When the plate was dry it was placed into the tank for at least 20
