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Branch Of Forensic Anthropology

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Recommended: Anthropology basics

Anthropology is the branch of science which deals with the comparative study of human being, their origin, physical and cultural development and biological characteristics [1]. It also gives us knowledge about the evolutionary history of human being, the variation in social and cultural behavior among the different race of people, the structural development and variation in physical status of different group of human population and it also proved itself as a boon for researchers [2].
The term anthropology comes from the Greek word “anthropos” meaning “human being” and “logia” meaning “study”.
SUBDIVISION OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology can be subdivided into the following two parts :
• Social Anthropology :- it is the branch which deals with …show more content…

So for establishment of the identity of a person, measurement of stature is considered as the most valuable parameter in forensic anthropology [10]. In the field of forensic anthropology determination of identity of an individual is considered as the most important character, specifically when a damaged body or mutilated bodies are found and also if bones are available after the death of individual at the site of crime or any other place …show more content…

So for anatomist, anthropologist, and forensic medicine experts, height estimation has become a matter of interest by measuring the different part of the body [10,13,14].
The traditional goal of forensic anthropology is to identify human remains once they have been skeletonized, although the forensic anthropologist may be confronted with burned remains, hair sample, footprints, fingerprints, lip prints, blood or any other tissue sample for blood typing and DNA profiling [16]. In the typical forensic-anthropoloical analysis determination of age, sex, and ante-mortem stature of the unknown individual is also included [17].
To identify the identity of a deceased person is of great medico-legal significance. Human bones are the frames for our identity not just frame for the flesh. Even fragmentary remains of the body would tell something about the owner. The main problem arise in identification when mutilated part of dead body or skeletal remains are brought to the forensic experts [18]. Since the natural and manmade disaster are very frequent to occur now a days, like cyclone, tsunamis, flood, earthquake etc. and also man-made disaster like wars, accident, terrorist attack, plane crashes, bomb blast etc, hence it has become necessary for the forensic expert to establish the identity of a person from decomposed body segment or from the

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Shoeprint. The team had to analyze the shoeprint found at the crime scene. There were a series of picture of all the suspects’ shoes they were wearing the night of the crime. During the analysis, the crime scene shoe print and Anna’s had very similar designs. Since the picture of Anna’s shoe was reliably similar, we could rule out all other suspect’s.

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Dental trial have been extensively used in identifying the sufferers of massive disasters, such as the 9/11 bombing and the Asian tsunami. the significance of using dental records for human identification is now well predictable. Dental Biometric issues dental radiographs to identify victims in situations (e.g., fire victims) where conservative biometric features, i.e., face, fingerprint, and iris, are not available. Dental Photograph Dental photograph is a symbolic examination of teeth structure and its appearance; it gives virtual position of neighboring teeth and shapes of dental work.

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The Zoo Man Murders is a case that shows that in the court of law there are ways to go around the law. That is why forensic anthropologies and scientist are very important to the law system, because sometimes they are the only ones with the power to show what really happened. This case was narrated and explained in great detail in the book “Death's Acre: Inside the Legendary Forensic Lab the Body Farm Where the Dead Do Tell Tales” by William Bass. In February 27 of 1992 a prostitute reported a “John” who hired her and drove her to Cahaba Lane, in her report she said that this man rob, rape and beat her and left her tied up in the woods.

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The nonfiction book, Jumped, Fell, or Pushed: How Forensics Solved 50 “Perfect” Murders, is an informative and well written book by the author, Stephen A. Koehler. Okay, you get two options, take Mr. Laney’s forensic science class at Lincoln High School or read this book. If you don’t know anything about Forensics, this book gives a sufficient overview of the subject and its counterparts. There is no main plot or developing characters within the book. The type of evidence varies from chapter-to-chapter, as well as the forensic technique implemented to analyze that evidence.

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Bones are used similarly and have been compared to fingerprints. Bones have scratches or breaks that can help establish identity or determine how long one has been dead. They are also used in dismemberment cases to determine what type of saw was used. Bugs, specifically the coffin fly, can determine where a person died, and the different generations of maggots can tell how long one’s been dead. These many aspects of death and decomposition can answer many questions and almost solve the case by

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For example, one can note how the introduction of the Daubert criteria in the courtroom has played an important role within forensic anthropology. The Daubert efforts allow for the connection between data and methods to be used as admissibility of the conclusions, rather than on the credentials of the experts (Dirkmaat, 2008, p. 36). This copernican shift of the legal system regarding the treatment of scientific evidence as it is presented in court, distinguishes the primary role of forensic anthropologists in mass disaster scenarios and the enhanced role for quantitative methods in human skeletal analysis (Dirkmaat, 2008, p.

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Fingerprints are a significant form of forensic evidence because they define an individual. Every time people touch something, “they leave a little bit of themselves behind” (Sohn

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Forensic scientists and investigators can employ numerous forensic techniques to help solve this crime. These can include using biological examination in terms of detecting and identifying bloodstain pattern analysis, analyse ballistics and fingerprints. Guns are known to produce a distinct bloodstain pattern, which is the High-Velocity Impact Spatter where tiny droplets are caused by blood travelling at high speeds. By using this knowledge that investigators have about guns, they can track down and reconstruct the crime scene using biological examination.

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Among them were things like distinguishing slash wounds in five murders across the victim's necks, similar handcuff marks on various victims' wrists and blunt force head trauma to half of the victims (Chen, 1989.) Shoe prints were also left at the scene of two murders, the shoe prints had to be either a visible print, plastic print or latent print. Examiners use several methods in the collection of shoe prints depending on the type of impression that is left at the scene of the crime. For collections in soil, which was where the print was found in the Ramirez case, casting is the most commonly used collection method for analyzation. The evaluation and comparison of impression evidence is usually performed by a trained footwear and tire mark examiner (NFSTC, 2013).

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Conclusion Restate thesis: As you have learned today, modern innovations and ways of thinking have helped to advance forensic anthropology and trauma analysis. Review main points: We talked about the history of forensic anthropology and trauma analysis, and then I shared with you a case study involving the latter. Memorable closer: So when it’s revealed that Tupac’s skeleton isn’t really Tupac and he’s been alive this whole time, remember to thank forensic anthropology for always improving and getting

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Some of the overlapping areas of the subfields of anthropology are that forensic anthropology and osteology are connected because a forensic anthropology relies on processes that osteologists use to determine how an individual died, weather it was from diseases, natural causes, or other causes. Forensic anthropologists used the same methods when human remains are found in an archeological site, forensic anthropologists determine if the remains are recent or the remains of a hominin. Another overlapping area would be primate paleontology and primatology. These two subfields are similar because on focuses on the habits, environment, and lifestyles of fossilized primates while the other subfield focuses on the behavior patterns of primates and how they differ from the behavior of humans and other non-human primates. It is important to understand humankind from a holistic perspective because it will show how humans developed and evolved and adapted to their environments

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Forensic anthropology is the branch of anthropology which deals with the recovery of remains as well as the identification of skeletal remains which involve detail knowledge of osteology (skeletal anatomy and biology). In other words, forensic anthropology is the application of anthropological knowledge and techniques in the identification of human remains in medico-legal and humanitarian context. Forensic anthropology includes the identification of skeletal, decomposed or unidentified human remains. Forensic anthropology may also help determine the age, sex, stature and unique features of deceased from their remains. Personal identification is one of the main aspects of medico-legal and criminal investigations.

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Forensic imaging, particularly MRI technology is crucial in determining the cause of death in forensic pathology. There are a few main techniques for forensic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT), and conventional radiography. The PMCT is generally used for gunshot wounds, detection of gas embolism, trauma cases, and changes in the skeletal system. Some advantages of this technique are that it is fast, easy to handle, good three-dimensional reconstruction, excellent visuals of the skeletal system and gases in the body. However, it is not without disadvantages like how it uses radiation, meaning companies must protect their employees, it has limited data storage, limited visualization of soft tissue and employees must go through extensive training to be authorized to operate it.

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DNA in Forensic Science DNA is the carrier of genetic information in humans and other living organisms. It has become a very useful tool in forensic science since it was discovered. In forensic science, DNA testing is used to compare the genetic structure of two individuals to establish whether there is a genetic relationship between them. One example of the use of DNA in forensic science that is important in biology today is comparing a suspect’s DNA profile to DNA that was discovered at a crime scene.

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