The Inca Empire
The Inca empire was established during the 12th century A.D. in the Andes region and is known for having built a massive domain across countries. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina made up what was known as the Tawantinsuyu. According to Cartwright (2014), “well-devised agricultural and roadway systems, along with a centralized religion and language, helped maintain a cohesive state”. Cartwright (2014) also noted that despite their power, the Inca faced adversity and were in several predicaments when colonized by Spain. Besides several diseases, they also must cope with a disparity in weapons which eventually lead to the empire being overtaken in 1572.
Several systems were established to increase productivity and maintain order. According to chronicler Inca Garcilazo de la Vega, the Inca society mainly based their coexistence in three main rules: Ama Sua (do not steal), Ama Llulla (do not lie) and Ama Quella (do not be lazy). As a result, crime was practically non existent. However, a strong “ethic of justice” was predominant among society leaders. Therefore, every time a crime was committed, the miscreant usually faced mutilation or death.
Prisons or a system of incarceration was not a concept that ruled society on the empire. Consequently, those who survived
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To the contrary, Kuntisuyu was considered the smallest portion of all regions. In addition, this suyu was divided into twenty seven provinces. Thirdly, Chinchaysuyo composed the northern region of the empire. Several regions of Peru including Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas, La Libertad, San Martin, Ancash, Huanuco, Pasco, Lima, Junin, Ica, Huancavelica and Ayacucho used to belong to this suyu and Tomebamba was the capital of this portion of the empire. Finally, Antisuyo, constituted the eastern region. Along with Chinchaysuyu it was part of the “upper quarters” of the Inca