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Essay On Incarceration

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Coming into this class for the second time, I already had a decent amount prior knowledge about many of the issues surrounding incarceration. I had learned much of this last year, and I was very much aware that I had a keen interest in the subject. However, I was (and am) still extremely eager to learn as much about this subject as I possibly could, and refresh and expand my knowledge. So while I did not come into this class with any particularly strong and negative preconceived perceptions or stereotypes about "criminals" and the US prison system that were later changed as I learned more, I was still determined to approach everything with an open mind and expand my knowledge and consciousness. When I took this class last year, I was …show more content…

What are the racial distributions of incarcerated women in each state? What are the rates according to gender, race, and ethnicity and how have they changed in the past 15 years? Do they mirror the national levels and rates? Why are the rates of incarceration in some states so high? Are these states possibly big drug states? Or are they maybe more politically leaning towards conservative or liberal? Are the state-to-state rates for incarcerated men as high as the rates for women? Are the sentences harsher in states with higher incarceration rates? Would a person convicted of a certain crime be sentenced differently according to state, and if so, how much of this would vary according to their race, gender, ethnicity, age, etc.? What are the demographics of the women incarcerated in each state? Are the state-to-state crime distributions reflective of the national distribution? Do the average ages of women sentenced vary from state to state? Are there any noticeable correlations or patterns between any of these …show more content…

Why do the youth rates not mirror or reflect this overall trend? What are the socioeconomic and demographic statistics of confined girls? Are there evident racial differences? What alternatives are available for at-risk girls instead of incarceration? Are there other viable options? What is the cost difference of these alternatives? Do race and socioeconomic status play significant roles in the affectivity and likelihood of placing girls in such alternative options? Are the girls who are confined mostly repeat offenders, or are there also first time offenders? Does this breakdown differ according to race and other demographics? What are the age demographics of incarcerated girls? Are there any trends or patterns in the family dynamics and histories of incarcerated girls (i.e. parental history of incarceration, substance abuse, poverty, gang activity, etc)? Do factors such as the number of siblings, age of parents, household structures, etc. significantly impact the rate of confinement

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In the article, Unwinding Mass Incarceration by Stefan Lobuglio and Anne Piehl, they argue that unwinding the mass incarceration “well neither be cheap nor easy, and to be done responsibly will require a new infrastructure of coordinated community-based facilities and services that can meet evidence-based incarceration needs while also ensuring public safety.” Hence, their argument is clean-cut with evidence in the article to back up their argument of unwinding the mass incarceration. Similarly, a solid fill of a concluding statement upon the unwinding of the mass incarceration as stated in the article, “requires much more than stopping current practices or reversing course by mass commutations and early release programs.” Subsequently, from this article, there are numerous interesting key points, and perspective of unwinding the mass incarceration.

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Angela Davis demonstrates the ongoing violent abuse as she quotes a report on sexual maltreatment in women’s prisons, “We found that male correctional employees have vaginally, anally, and orally raped female prisoners and sexually assaulted and abused them” (Davis 78). However disturbing this blunt sexual contact that male officers take with the vulnerable prisoners may be, the officers adopt even more severe tactics to harass and abuse the women as they often utilize “mandatory pat-frisks or room searches to grope women 's breasts, buttocks, and vaginal areas...” (Davis 79). To add insult to injury, women are virtually incapable of escaping from their abuser(s). Prison employees upkeep their inappropriate behavior as it is believed they will “rarely be held accountable, administratively or criminally” (Davis 78).

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I. Gender Disparity Guidelines and Data In the context of gender disparity in criminal sentencing, some may think that having said that criminal courts are more lenient on women is just one’s opinion. In fact, a lot of researches and data suggest that there is a strong different in gender in the sentencing outcomes. Men are sentenced to longer prison terms than women. Men are 42% more likely to be sentenced to prison.

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The study of prison subcultures investigates the way prisoners adjust to prison, scholars found that the subculture of women 's prisons was much different compare to the violent and predatory structure of the contemporary male prison. Women who did not define themselves as serious criminals prior to prison continued to hold conventional behaviors and attitudes during their imprisonment, however women who adapted to prison life became heavily invested in a prison based identity. The prison culture among women was tied to family, gender expectations of sexuality and relationships. Scholars Ward and Kassebaum study of Sex and Social Structure in the prison showed that depending on their prison term it made women display feelings of anxiety, as

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Women of color are the most targeted, prosecuted, and imprisoned women in the country and rapidly increasing their population within the prison systems. According to Nicholas Freudenberg, 11 out of every 1000 women will end up incarcerated in their lifetime, the average age being 35, while only five of them are white, 15 are Latinas, and 36 are black. These two groups alone make up 70 percent of women in prison, an astonishing rate compared to the low percentage comprise of within the entire female population in the country (1895). Most of their offenses are non-violent, but drug related, and often these women come from oppressive and violent backgrounds, where many of their struggles occurred directly within the home and from their own family.

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378 Words | 2 Pages

Why I’m taking this class? Reading the Course description sparked an interest. How is it there is so many people affected by this, and very little is being done to change it? As a society I do not believe we are doing enough to fix it. I consider Mass incarceration a problem because we are incarcerating unbelievable number of people and this trend has been skyrocketing in recent decades.

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874 Words | 4 Pages

Over 2 million people are currently being held in United States prisons, and while the U.S. may only hold 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of its prisoners. In the past few years, America’s prison system has fallen under public scrutiny for it’s rising incarceration rate and poor statistics. Many Americans have recently taken notice of the country’s disproportionate prisoner ratio, realized it’s the worst on the planet, and called for the immediate reformation of the failing system. The war on drugs and racial profiling are some of the largest concerns, and many people, some ordinary citizens and others important government figures, are attempting to bring change to one of the country 's lowest aspects.

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1252 Words | 6 Pages

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1377 Words | 6 Pages

There are many indicators of the huge impact in disparities in sentencing women as compared to men and more so when it revolves around minorities ( race and class). Though there are lower crime rates among women as compared to men, there are significant disparities which tend to show favouritism to women. Research has shown that men get 63 per cent longer custodial sentences than women. In addition, it is twice more likely to have women get non custodial sentences even after conviction. However, as mentioned the disparities are more profound when issues of race and class are intertwined in the sentencing.

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1627 Words | 7 Pages

The first challenge is breaking the myth that the cost of providing facilities to educate the prisoners is exceptionally high. Many in the public might be tempted to think that college education for prisoners costs millions of dollars in addition to the money already being spent on prisons. This is because the detainees will not be in a position to contribute anything towards this form of education (Stoll, Raphael, & Project Muse, 2009, p. 45). Being one of the largest costs borne by taxpayers besides budgets in defence, healthcare, and retirement benefits, it costs somewhere between $52 billion and $70 billion dollars on average for U.S. taxpayers annually and $31,238 cost per inmate; However, cost of providing a college education for an incarcerated student only costs $ 2,000 to $4,000 a year (“Breaking the Prison Cycle”) and, in the longer term, a prison education proves to be far more beneficial than harmful in terms of cost-benefit analysis. According to a research by RAND Corporation, “a $1 investment in prison education reducing incarceration costs by $4 to $5, and those who receive a prison education have 43% less change of returning to prison than inmates who do not”(“Education and Vocational Training,” 2013).

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