The Indian Removal Act, passed by congress, provided for the resettlement of all Native Americans occupying the east of the Mississippi to Oklahoma.
After fighting a losing battle against the English settlers, Native Americans found themselves cornered with the passage of the Indian Appropriations Act of 1851. Authorizing the creation of Indian areas in what is now Oklahoma, the native population was once again forced into even smaller fields of land called reservations. The U.S. government made several promises to provide the tribal members with food and supplies, but fell short in keeping them. In addition, there were strict limitations on the Native Americans ability to hunt, fish, and gather food. With all of these restrictions in place, the Americans were given the upper hand in terms of controlling the Indians.
They didn’t want to be under the United States government. The book says that only about five-hundred Cherokee to sign the Treaty of Echota. In May of 1838, General Winfield arrived with 7,000 troops in the Cherokee Nation to remove the remaining Cherokee by force. The forced relocation of some 15,000 Cherokee was
Dear Mr. Parker, During the 1838 Congress passed a law called the Indian Removal homes from Georgia to Indian Territory. It was a long walk 4,000 thousand of us died from the terrible weather,illness, weakness. After the devastating journey, the Cherokee Indians tried to settle in their new "desert" home. In the new territory, problems developed with the new arrivals, and Cherokees who had already come here.
After the recent readings for Zinn’s book, I began to do some research on the Indians helping the British during the Revolutionary War. I Google “Roles of Indians during the Revolutionary War,” and I sound a very interesting site that backed up Zinn’s statement. Many of the Indians, especially the Shawnee, Creeks and the powerful Cherokee and Iroquois helped the British in the American Revolution. The British promised Indians more than their freedom, they also promised to stop settlement on their land. However, there are some Indians that fought for America as well, those tribes were most involved with people who would become Americans.
The second case that reached the Supreme Court concerning land ownership happened on 1831 and was given the name of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. This case’s ruling expressed that Indians did not have a United States nationality, but they were not members of foreign states either, which ultimately appointed their tribes to be “domestic dependent nations.” In other words, although there was a distant relationship between the U.S. and the Indian tribes, the United States was still responsible for imparting well-being advantages, needs, and services for the natives since they were entitled over the Indian
Finally,It was the responsibility of the Government. According to Andrew Jackson, “It is, therefore, a duty which this government owes to the new States to extinguish as soon as possible the Indian title to all lands which Congress themselves have included within their limits. ”(State of The Union Address,1829) When the US bought over Georgia and Florida they had to get rid of any indigenous people or intruders. All in all,this act really was necessary for the development of our
Brandon Cabalse Professor Franks AAS 33A 9 November 2016 Part 1 1) Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was a secret underground passageway that allowed African slaves to escape from their masters. African slaves did their activities in secret underground using darkness.
Historians who practice historiography agree that the writings from the beginning of what is now known as the United States of America can be translated various ways. In James H. Merrell’s “The Indians’ New World,” the initial encounters and relationships between various Native American tribes and Europeans and their African American slaves are explained; based on Merrell’s argument that after the arrival of Europeans to North America in 1492, not only would the Europeans’ lives drastically change, but a new world would be created for the Native Americans’ as their communities and lifestyles slowly intertwined for better or worse. Examples of these changes include: “deadly bacteria, material riches, and [invading] alien people.” (Merrell 53)
In May of 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed The Indian Removal Act into law.32 This law allowed the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for tribal lands within State borders. Few Natives moved peacefully, most resisted the new relocation policy.35 Approximately 125,000 Natives of the ‘Five Civilized Tribes’ – Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Cherokee, lived on the millions of acres in Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Florida.36 As new settlers were flooding into the United States, prime farm land was coveted by them.37 Georgia passed laws limiting Native Peoples sovereignty and rights and the Natives used the courts to regain their rights.38 In a few cases, such as Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
They felt that this country was taken away from them by the white man and should not be required to help in the case of attack, but when war was declared against the Axis powers, The Navajo Nation declared: “We resolve that the Navajo Indians stand ready… to aid and defend our government and its institutions against all subversive and armed conflict and pledge our loyalty to the system and a way of life that has placed us among the greatest people of our race” (Takaki 60). Altogether forty-five thousand Indians served in the U.S. armed forces. Despite this, Indian workers received lower pay that that of whites, In the cities, Indians also experienced discrimination. Ignatia Broker of the Ojibway wrote “Although employment was good because of the labor demand of the huge defense plants, Indian people faced discrimination in restaurants, night clubs, retail and department stores… and worst of all, in housing” (Takaki
“The doom of the Cherokee was sealed. Washington, D.C., had decreed that they must be driven West and their lands given to the white man, and in May 1838, an army of 4000 regulars, and 3000 volunteer soldiers under command of General Winfield Scott, marched into the Indian country and wrote the blackest chapter on the pages of American history.” Said Private John G. Burnett, of Captain Abraham McClellan’s Company, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Mounted Infantry. This primary source is to give perspective on the soldiers behalf, not to defend the contrary, but to look from a more broad perspective. Being able to use the time period as a reason for justification that it was the most humane way to deal with the Indians for that time.
Between 1816 and 1840, Indian tribes signed more than 40 treaties to secure their lands. In 1829, President Jackson relocated the eastern Indians and in 1830 the Indian Removal Act forced the Indians to move west of Mississippi. Between 1830 and 1850, 100,000 Indians were were living between Michigan, Florida, and Louisiana. Many Indians was abused during the traveling to the west by the U.S. Army. The Cherokees traded with the European settlers that arrived here.
Precisely right! Then came gold - and we all know what greed can to do a civilization! The second largest gold rush in the United States (and first largest for Georgia) came with the discovery of gold in 1829, found near what is known today as Lumpkin County. This period would be referred to as the “Georgia Gold Rush.” News spread like wildfire and almost immediately white man moved in to take charge of land occupied by the Cherokee.
On July 17, 1830, the Cherokee nation published an appeal to all of the American people. United States government paid little thought to the Native Americans’ previous letters of their concerns. It came to the point where they turned to the everyday people to help them. They were desperate. Their withdrawal of their homeland was being caused by Andrew Jackson signing the Indian Removal Act into law on May 28, 1830.
