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Ivan The Great Centralization Analysis

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The sovereign state in Russia developed under the influence of Ivan the Great (III) and Ivan the Terrible (IV), who are known as the two key figures in the process of centralization. When Ivan III began/started his reign Moscow had become the political and religious centre of Russia (Dukes, 1998, p.42). One of the major contributions in the centralization process were made by Ivan the Great since he took part in the ingathering process of Russian lands and thus, expanded and centralize the Muscovite state and consequently ended the period of Appanage Rus (Ziegler, 1999). He conquered new territories and distributed these to loyal army officers which in return had to support him in military campaigns; accordingly with this. In 1480 Ivan ended foreign conquests of Russia by raising the military apparatus and defeating the Mongols. Furthermore, in 1497 a national law code called Sudebnik was emerged by Ivan III. A united judicial authority was therefore created in central and …show more content…

Ziegler (1999) examined that Peters more significant actions to establish the state mainly consisted of the emergence of a representative legislature. Furthermore, he improved the Russian military by generating the Baltic Fleet and increasing the military apparatus to strengthen the state and make it internationally compatible. The focus on war-making and competition with Europe made St. Petersburg the strategic capital city as a ‘window to the West’. Such a link to Western states and societies generated the act of Russia increasingly applying European war technologies and strategies onto its own state. Peter, therefore, modernized Russia geographically, due to the possibility to expand with a strong military and being a valuable competitor, nevertheless, he disregarded European liberal ideologies for the state (Ziegler,

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Both Catherine the Great and Peter the Great sought to enhance and further Russia’s international position. This I believe is most consistent with classical realism as they both sought to place their country in a more powerful position, through the expansion of both their state abroad and within their nation-state. These readers without a doubt westernized Russia, but were limited by the constraints of the Russian culture and power structure. The first issue I would tackles is the attempt of Peter the Great to establish Russia as a formidable regional power by taking the traditional metrics of power such as a more centralized government and modernizing the Russian military.

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Their military was lacking as well. To fix this Peter the Great moved Russia’s capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg. This decision was made because of the water access that St.Petersburg has. Peter built up a Navy for Russia along St.Petersburg’s coast. According to Document 3, Peter also improved Russia’s ground military to protect trade routes.

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“He was determined to establish a sphere of influence that would safeguard Soviet periphery for all time.” (doc. 12) Stalin’s goal was to promote a great country, and he did. His footprint was left behind, as effects of his work is still shown throughout the previous countries of the

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Post WWl, Russia was still not industrialized, suffering economically and politically and in no doubt in need of a leader after Lenin’s death. “His successor, Joseph Stalin, a ruthless dictator, seized power and turned Russia into a totalitarian state where the government controls all aspects of private and public life.” Stalin showed these traits by using methods of enforcement, state control of individuals and state control of society. The journey of Stalin begins now.

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Absolutism in Russia For a long time Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe. It did not experience many of the things that happened in western Europe like new technology, Renaissance, the Protestant reformation, and the spread of many ideas. Russia’s temperatures were frigid and resulted in there being no warm-water port. A warm-water port was necessary for year-round trade and growth.

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Peter abolished the old national subdivisions and established in their place eight governorates. To gain a warm-water port, Peter he used the knowledge he gained in the Netherlands and waged war against the Swedish Empire and eventually gained a Baltic sea port. To defeat the Swedes he had to make several reforms to the Russian army. He had a meritocratic approach to appointing general and high-military positions, which created a more efficient, better drilled, and prudently commanded army. The new Baltic port also served to improve trade with western Europe.

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Peter the Great Peter the Great was an iconic individual in Russian history and even in world history. He made many strides for Russia to become more of a westernized nation. World Civilization II: The Rise and Fall of Empires© 1500- present stated, "From his father, Peter learned of Russia’s need for modernization, so in the early 18th century, Peter embarked on an extended journey throughout Europe where he learned how to build ships, observed modern military techniques, and recruited Western craftsmen and artists to come back to Russia with him" (Sattler, 60). He was very determined to make Russia modernized to say the least. In his reign, he held many reforms to push Russia to become more westernized (Sattler, 60-61).

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Born Ivan IV Vasilyevich in August 25, 1530 in Kolomenskoye, Russia. Ivan was only three years old when his father, Vasily III (1479-1533), died from blood poisoning of an abscess and inflammation on his leg. Ivan was proclaimed the Grand Prince of Moscow at his father's request. Jelena Gilinsky, Ivan’s mother whom showed little concern for Ivan, assumed power and was regent for five years. Before Ivan even turned eight years old he was easy prey for the boyars who alternately neglected or molested him; Ivan and his deaf-mute brother Yuri often went hungry, threadbare and became beggars’ in their own castle.

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Initially, Russia’s tsar, Ivan the Great, had seen Russia’s low literacy level and poor economic system dependent on peasant labor and began the revival of his mother country through expansion and reform. Unlike Western empires, Russia’s expansion had limited commercial expansion, though it did establish territorial and trading policies in central Asia. This expansion was caused by the movement of Russian peasants and landlords, adding new diversities to the country, making it a multicultural empire, like the Ottoman Empire. This expansion period reached a dramatic change with Russian Westernization led by one its chief reformist tsars, Peter the Great. Inspired by his travels, Peter the Great brought back many inventions of Western science and technology to shift Russia westward and created his capital, St. Petersburg.

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