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Gulliver's Travels And Voltaire Analysis

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Most great literary works of the Enlightenment period were influenced by the intellectual exploration of reason at the time. This was certainly the case with Jonathon Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and Voltaire’s Candide. Both works explored the concept of reason in detail, questioning its capabilities and its limits. Swift and Voltaire were both engaged in the intellectual discussions of the Enlightenment and the influence of writers such as Pierre Bayle, John Locke, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and David Hume is extremely relevant to the study of their work. This paper will focus on the limitations of human reason as presented in GT and Candide, with focus given to the influence of man’s passions and emotions, as well as the conflict between reason …show more content…

Following his time in Houyhnhnmland, Gulliver begins to see himself as a potential Houyhnhnm, a potentially perfectly reasonable and rational being. However, this state, of course, is not an option for man. The impossibility of perfect reason in man is presented to us clearly when Gulliver attempts to live a life of pure reason. As Kathleen Williams observed, “what is harmless and unavoidable self-satisfaction in a Houyhnhnm becomes in him a fanatic pride”. Pride is not a reasonable trait, it is a vice, one which, hypocritically, Gulliver himself particularly despises. Gulliver fails in his attempt to be perfectly reasonable simply because the life of the Houyhnhnm is not the suitable life for man.
We come to realise the mistake in Gulliver’s desire to be a Houyhnhnm when we reflect upon the fact that they are horses. Here, Swift is using animals as his symbols to make it clear that pure reason and rationality is unavailable to man, and if it was available it would make us something tedious and unhuman. We are meant to accept the limitations of our reason and realise we are neither the irrational, barbarous Yahoos nor the passionless yet perfectly rational Houyhnhnms, we are not animal imlpume or animale rationale, but we are animal rationis capax. (a statement Swift once made in a letter to Alexander

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In the second sentence of the reading, Swift states that the lower class is poor because it is their own fault. Moreover, he employs humor

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To begin, Candide’s decisions in Voltaire’s “Candide” were often naive and senseless throughout the story. Candide’s decision to kiss Cunegonde puts a series of unfortunate events into motion. Kissing Cunegonde ultimately gets Candide banished from his town and sold into an army, where he is beat on several occasions. Throughout the story, Candide’s decision to blindly follow the unrealistic teachings of his tutor, Pangloss, constantly gets him into trouble. When an earthquake destroys the town and kills thousands of people, Candide follows Pangloss’ decision to spread news that the earthquake was necessary.

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The modest proposal is of course anything but modest: It is savage, frightening, perhaps even insane”(Mcgill.enotes). Overall this essay is very disturbing, in the thirty-first paragraph the reader gets a sense of hopelessness when Swift refuses to hear any argument on his proposal saying that, “let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients”(1729:Swift.para 31). This piece of literature is similar to fiction in a way that is gives details insights on the time and place of Ireland, but we know that it is a pamphlet published to propose a radical idea to help change the situation of Ireland. If this was a piece of fiction one wouldn’t take it seriously but even when it’s non-fiction one cannot take seriously this absurd idea of cannibalism i.e. the wealthy eating the children of poor and should take it as a satirical piece of

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Mohammed Ismail AP Language Composition Lyons, William December 9, 2014 Rhetorical Devices Used in Jonathan Swifts Modest Proposal The essay Modest Proposal, written by Jonathan Swift perhaps known better for his novel Gulliver’s travels wrote this piece, because during his time he addressed solutions to many contemporary social issues by writing them on pamphlets. Swift’s main purpose in writing this essay is to avert children from being less of a problem to their parents and the public. The author tries not addressing his subject directly, children, instead Swift introduces the concept of a market, livestock, breeders, etc., to address the overcrowding and poverty stricken children in Dublin, Ireland.

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Swift, as the author, clearly does not believe in this idea, and that is evident through the speakers word choice. He states, “I shall now humbly propose my own thoughts...” (59), before stating his preposterous idea. The word humble is so beyond ironic due to the level of insanity that the proposal

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At the time when Swift’s proposal was made, Britain’s dictatorial reign in Ireland had left the nation in poverty and disarray. Criticising a nation was much easier to do in a joking tone or be harder to read rather than direct and upfront. Swift wanted to discuss these issues and found by writing in satire he could have the readers’ attention in way that a seriously written piece could not reach. Satire is present when Swift convinces the audience that he is an empathetic individual introducing the proposal with a sophisticated and compassionate manner beginning in the sentence, "I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection (1)," luring the reader into a sense of false trust as he begins the descriptions of the poor in Ireland. The reader is led to believe at first that this is a serious essay however it is not until deep into the proposal the reader can see how Swift uses satire to propose his thoughts found in the sentence, “a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled;” continuing on that, “no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust (1).”

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Jonathan Swift uses rhetorical devices, logical, ethical, as well as emotional appeals to highlight the difference between Swift’s satirical attitude and the narrator’s serious attitude concerning poverty and starvation. These various articles and different exerts from “A Modest Proposal” show the misleading content of the proposal in order to save Ireland and help them become a free country

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For example on page 2 Swift says “so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends.” statements like this make Swift’s proposal even more outrageous. This is a sarcastic attempt by Swift to make the proposal look attractive, but his statement has an underlying meaning of making the idea look repulsive. Additionally on page 2 Swift states “That a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food.”

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When it came to Ethos, Swift was not quite as persuasive as he could have been. He does have a background when it comes to writing about corrupt governments in tales such as “Gulliver’s Travels.” The way Swift wrote this essay, however, makes it feel slightly less objective. Even when he is writing from the point of a wealthier Irishman, his overall tone shows a large amount of contempt towards the higher economic classes. Instead of allowing the readers to read alternative arguments on this subject, he focused strictly on his own opinion.

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Enlightenment was a time of embracing logic and reasoning whilst rejecting untested beliefs and superstition. This time period occurred from the year 1694 until 1795. During this time writers used their medium of the written word to express their beliefs based on logic while denouncing old-world ideologies . During Enlightenment human nature was often put under scrutiny as thinkers strived to find what qualities resulted in the best possible human. In this piece of writing, the reader will be able to see the opinions of human nature held by three great thinkers from this time period: Voltaire, Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe.

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Swift’s satire consisted of many “modest theories.” For example, you may have heard people talk about overpopulation. You may have your own theories about it, but what about eating children? In this instance, Jonathan Swift used his form of humor, also known as satire, to get his point across, in which wrote a pamphlet called “A Modest Proposal,” a mockery for the ideas of how to deal with overpopulation. “Satire is a technique employed by writers to

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CANDIDE AND ENLIGHTENMENT In this essay, I will read Candide in the light of Enlightenment philosophy and also with reference to Kant's answer to the question “What is Enlightenment?” Although Candide (1759) and the short essay by Kant “What is Enlightenment?” were written during different decades of eighteenth century but both of them reflect the age of Enlightenment in their works. This essay is divided into two parts: Part I discusses about the age of the Enlightenment and Kant's essay on Enlightenment, Part II discusses Candide in the context of Part I where Voltaire’s views against optimism and his character Candide's journey towards the Enlightenment are discussed.

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Critical Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” In the work entitled “A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift, the theme of social injustice is enhanced by the use of verbal irony to convey a charged message. The ambiguous title and introduction to Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece does little to prepare the reader for shocking content revealed later in the text. Swift’s work is powerful, poignant and persuasive because it strikes at the heart of the modern readers ethics, as it likely would have done for the author’s contemporary audiences. Jonathan Swift’s 1729 masterpiece is a satirical metaphor centered around the pervasive assertion, “the English are devouring the Irish.” Jonathan Swift gives a more comprehensive exordium concerning his work stating that is it “a modest proposal for preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents and country, and for making them beneficial to the public (Swift 1199).

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Johnathan Swift’s novel, Gulliver’s Travels, demonstrates this miserable and dreadful consequence of human life managed only by reason. The Houyhnhnms is a society that represents the ultimate end of the Enlightenment thinkers by removing emotion and passion from their lives. Gulliver describes the Houyhnhnms understanding of reason “Neither is reason among them a point problematical, as with us, where men can argue with plausibility on both sides of the question, but strikes you with immediate conviction; as it must needs do, where it is not mingled, obscured, or discoloured, by passion and interest” (Chapter 8, pg. 246). The goal of these creatures’ existence is to completely remove any emotions from the intellectual faculties. In Swift’s works, he based his story on a society of animals to emphasize that this lifestyle is not human.

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