The second posed question in this section is “Do I believe that this philosophy explains the cause of criminal behavior in women?” Gilfus (1992), analyzed life history interviews with incarcerated female offenders. She found that the women’s childhoods and adolescence were plagued with abuse and neglect and many had run away from home in response to this. Once on the streets, an “onset of drug use, truancy and stealing followed, with a large minority entering into juvenile prostitution as a survival strategy. Illegal work was done simply to survive, but further enmeshed the young women in criminal networks. As they transitioned into adulthood, the vast majority experienced continued victimization and many developed drug habits. An important