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Essay On Hip Joint

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The hip is a true ball and socket joint and the arrangement gives the hip the large amount of motion needed for daily activities like walking, squatting and stair climbing. The bones that form the hips are the femur or far bone and pelvis. The top of the femur shape like a ball called femoral head that fits into a round socket on the side of the pelvis. This socket is named as acetabulum. The femoral head is attached to the rest of the femur by a short section of a bone called femoral neck. A large bone protruding out from the top of the femur which located next to the femoral neck is called the greater trochanter. Large and important muscles connect to greater trochanter.

Figure 1: Showing the anatomy of the hip joint

In the hip, Articular cartilage covers inner parts of the femur and socket portion of the acetabulum in the pelvis. The cartilage is especially thick in the upper and back part of the socket. …show more content…

The joint capsule is formed by a group of strong ligaments that connect the top of the femur to the acetabulum. A joint capsule is a watertight sac that surrounds a joint. These ligaments of the joint capsule are the main source of stability for the hip. They hold the femoral head in place at acetabulum or socket. A small ligament, ligamentum teres, connects the tip of the femoral head in acetabulum. But it doesn’t play a role in controlling hip movement like the main hip ligaments.

Tendons are soft tissue structures that connect muscles to bones. Tendon band called iliotibial band runs alongside of the femur, from the hip to the knee. This provides a connect point for several of the hip muscles. A tight iliotibial band can cause hip and knee problems. A special type of ligament forms a unique structure inside the hip called the labrum. The labrum is completely attached to the edge of the acetabulum. Damage or injured labrum can cause pain and clicking in hip

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Pathologies seen in the radiograph: There is decreased bone density in the left femoral head, neck, and in the region of the greater trochanter. The left femoral head has flattened and widened with a shortening of the femoral neck. There appears to be two fractures lines in the femoral neck, possibly stress fractures indicated by the increase radiodensity. Additionally, the left acetabulum appears to be compromised lacking its typical round concave appearance. These pathological findings are suggestive of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

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The deformation known as clubfoot is a standout amongst the most widely recognized birth imperfections including the musculoskeletal framework. It presents intrinsic dysplasia of every single musculoskeletal tissue distal to the knee. It is a deformity in which the foot is twisted so that the sole cannot be placed flat on the ground. Understanding the microscopic structure of diseased tissues that characterize clubfoot are very important areas of research. The major component of the ligament, muscle, tendon, bone and joint cartilage involved in clubfoot is collagen.

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Capitellum a. The capitellum is located proximal from the radial head across the joint line (Starkey, et al., 2011). b. To palpate, passively pronate and supinate the forearm with the elbow flexed. If there is any notable crepitus, it could indicate radiocapitular chondromalacia (Starkey, et al., 2011). 15. Annular ligament a.

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Bursa is the liquid filled sac that serves to ensure the muscles, ligaments, tendons or skins that get rubbed over the bone. There are 150 bursae in the whole body. The bursa, which are close to heels, knees, elbows, shoulder and hips get aggravated much of the time than alternate ones. Hip Bursitis is the aggravation of a bursa in the hip area. This happens because of the enthusiastic exercises that invite weight on the bones or the bursa.

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What is the medial collateral ligament (MCL)? The MCL is one of the main four ligaments that is part of the knee. This ligament is a broad, thick band that runs down the inner part of the knee, from the femur to the top of the tibia, but is located outside the joint itself. The job of the MCL is to support the knee with the help of the other ligaments in the knee. When stress is applied to this ligament it aids control in transferring the join through a normal range of motion.

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The knee joint is also known as tibiofemoral joint. It is a synovial hinge joint formed between three bones which are the femur, tibia and patella (Taylor, n.d.). There are two rounded, convex processes which are known as condyles on the distal end of the femur. The distal end of the femur meets two rounded, concave condyles at the proximal end of the tibia (Tyalor, n.d.). A thick, triangular bone which is known as patella lies anterior surface between the femur and tibia.

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Snapping hip, Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, 46-54. doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2004.09.003 Charbonnier, C., Kolo, F.C, Duthon, V.B., et al. (2001). Assessment of congruence and impingement of the hip joint in professional ballet dancers: a motion capture study, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 557-566. Konin, J.G. & Nofsinger, C.C. (2007).

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In this chapter, an exhaustive literature review on the works reported in the area of hip prosthesis has been presented. Literatures available in the area of hip prosthesis are broadly classified into the following categories. • Biomechanics of Hip Joint. • Implant Materials and Its Biocompatibility. • Variations in Femur Geometry.

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