Labeling Theory Vs Conflict Theory Essay

Labeling theory and Marxist’s conflict theory have many similarities as well as some notable differences. Understanding the foundations of each theory is required before deciding on which one is a “better” theory. When deciding what makes a good theory, Akers and Sellers (2004) offer a few criteria for evaluating whether labeling or Marxist’s is the better theory of the two.

The labeling theory contends that the “labels” given in society encourage individuals to continue engaging in criminal behavior. To illustrate, these labels are often assigned by the criminal justice system, the media, or society. Kubrin et al (2009) notes that the state essentially creates crime by deciding that some behaviors are so harmful or injurious that they deserve

According to Kubrin et al (2009), conflict theory goes a step beyond labeling theory in identifying those who selectively decide, in the first place, what conduct should be singled out for condemnation. The theory asserts crime is not an isolated phenomenon, but rather the result of a society's economic and social structures and relationships. In other words, people commit crimes in response to the social and economic conditions they experience. According to conflict theorists, the criminal justice system is not a neutral institution that therefore serves the interests of the dominant class. They contend that the system disproportionately targets marginalized groups such as low-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, and marginalized groups. Additionally, the criminal justice system is used to control and punish certain groups, while also justifying their oppression and punishment. Furthermore, conflict theorists claim that criminal behavior is a kind of resistance to marginalized groups' oppression and exploitation. To emphasize, laws do not exist for the collective good; they instead represent the interests of specific groups that have the power to get their wishes enacted (Kubrin et al

Like conflict theory more generally, Marxist theory views inequality in power as causally related to crime (Kubrin et al 2009:222). According to Marxist criminology, the criminal justice system serves the interests of the ruling class. The system is utilized to oppress and punish the working class and other marginalized groups while also protecting the ruling class's interests. This means that the criminal justice system favors the wealthy and powerful over the poor and working class. Marxist criminologists also object to mainstream criminology's emphasis on individual-level explanations for crime, such as psychological or biological causes. Instead, they contend that crime should be viewed as a social issue caused by social and economic inequality. Labeling theory and Marxist theory suggest the labels or conditions imposed on an individual “forces” them to engage in a criminal lifestyle that makes it impossible for them to get out of. While each theory may have qualities that make it a good theory, they both have significant flaws that must be