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Integrated Theories Of Crime

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“The major integrated theories of crime including multifactor theories, latent traits theories, and life-course theories or what are known as ‘developmental theories.’ Multifactor theories suggest that social, personal, and economic factors exert influence on criminal behaviour. Integrated theories have become popular; given the move away from the assumption that the world can be divided into criminals and non-criminals, hence the value of multi-factor theories and how practical it has become with computer tools to assist in the process. Latent trait theories assume that a number of people in the population have a personal attribute or characteristic that controls their inclination or propensity to commit crimes. This disposition or latent …show more content…

According to life-course theory, some career criminals may desist from crime for awhile, only to resume their activities at a later date. As people mature, the factors that influence their behaviour change. The Gluecks were pioneers in research on the life cycle of delinquent careers, showing that early onset of delinquency is the best predictor of a criminal career (Chapter Overview).” I definitely support this perspective. There are many different factors that influence criminal behaviour. I do agree with the latent trait as well. I believe we learn mostly from modeling behaviors. We begin to pick up on these traits at a very early age. We start to demonstrate the traits we have learned from our family and friends. I also can understand the life-course theory. I believe there are several explanations why someone stops breaking the law and begins to lead a crime and delinquent free life. I believe some people participate in delinquent behaviors at an early age because they are not worried about the consequences of their actions. They are usually focused on the fun they are having at the time of the …show more content…

It has helped me better understand that there are numerous reasons why people choose to commit crimes and display delinquent behaviors. I found the life course theory most intriguing. It helped me understand that a person’s environment has a great impact on how they end up choosing to behave. A person’s upbringing and their surroundings can influence them in their choices. I now understand that a person that is raised in and around criminal activity they will most likely chose the life of crime. Luckily, there are those that choose to go the opposite direction and live a law abiding life and become a productive member of

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Within the past couple of decades, criminologists have developed different criminological theories that apply to the social behaviors and decisions of criminals. One of the earliest theories developed regarding criminality is the rational choice theory, in which describes the rationalization of determining if the rewards from committing the crime outweigh the consequences. In Scarver’s case, his decision to engage in criminal activities outweighed the potential consequences, or the other alternatives if he did not engage in such criminal activities. In addition to the rational choice theory, Scarver’s criminality can be related to the social disorganization theory, which describes the influence of one’s social and physical environment on one’s decision to commit a crime. Lastly, the strain theory can be related to Scarver’s criminality as well, as it is used to describe an individual who lacks the means to obtain such goals, and aspirations, so therefore, he or she engages in criminal activities to acquire the goals.

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Introduction Jennifer Ebarhardt who, through her collaboration with different experts in various fields such as law, criminology, novel studies that further law enforcements and judges as well as criminology discover in her studies found out that there is racial bias in today’s policing and sentencing of criminals such that black color is stereotype as group of people who are associated with violence and therefore they mostly received death sentence especially when their victims are whites and therefore they are blacks who are arrested. These behaviors can be best explains using the following theories: General Strain Theory According to this theory, people are involved in crimes because they are not in a position to achieve their goals making them to be frustrated and has the following sources: A person aspiring to become wealth and famous but these aspirations are impossible making them to engage in vandalism or physical attacks which are antisocial forms of behaviors, a person may experience strains due to removal of highly valued stimuli such as migration to new residence will make him/her to get involved in criminal activities in efforts to revenge the loss of highly valued stimuli. Black American youths are unable to meet making them to develop frustration and delinquency.

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When young offenders enter the criminal system they are underdeveloped mentally and physically, they are never given the chance to reimburse as a mature, cultivated, and cultured adult before and during their sentence. Because of this, we do not see much anecdotal evidence of teen offenders evolving and thriving after prison. This lack of affirmation generates the common belief that there must be a genetic correlation with crime and that there is an absolutely nothing that can change a criminal into a law-abiding citizen. But because the general public

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Just like children are taught to read and write, prisoners must be taught something other than atrocity. Property offenders were the most likely to be rearrested, with 82.1 percent of released property offenders arrested for a new crime ( ). Why are minor crime offenders committing serious crimes even after their consequence? The obtainment of the knowledge necessary to transform the perspective of the criminal into one that has no lust for crime could alter the continuous growth in the incarnation rates in

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Integrated theory does not necessarily attempt to explain all criminality but is distinguishable by the idea of merging concepts drawn from different sources. Integrated criminology tries to bring together the diverse bodies of knowledge that represents the full range of disciplines that study crime (Schmalleger, 2012). Integrated theories provide wider explanatory power (Schmalleger, 2012). Integrative theories are like diversified theories and focus on criminal behavior and criminal activity while other theories focus on punishment and crime control (Jeffery, 1959). Integrated approach combines concepts and propositions from two or more prior existing theories into a single new set of integrated concepts and propositions (Elliot, 2017).

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This theory clearly rules out the effect of inherited or innate factors, and the last is the cognitive theory, which is based on how the perception of an individual is manifested into affecting his or her potential and capability to commit a crime. (Psychological theories of crime) Relating these theories to the case under study, it’s clear that the behaviour can be traced most times to faulty relationships in the family during the first years of

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Developmental theories look at how offenders start and end their criminal behaviors. All developmental theories, including the two focused on in this paper, pull from social, psychological, and biological factors to find answers. Both of these theories follow along a trajectory or pathway for offenders. Sampson and Laub’s age-graded theory has offenders following along two possible trajectories. They can either follow along the high risk trajectory or the low risk trajectory.

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It does not consider other factors such as criminal associations, individual traits, and inner strains, which plays a significant role in determining punishment for the individuals in committing crimes. It is observed that this theory endeavours to know that whether the activities of crime as well as the victim’s choice, criminals commit the activities on start from rational decisions. The theory also determines that criminals consider different elements before committing crime. They engage in the exchange of ideas before reaching on any final decision. These elements consist of consequences of their crimes, which include revealing their families to problems or death, chances of being arrested, and others elements, which comprises of placement of surveillance systems (Walsh & Hemmens, 2010; Lichbach,

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By researching this particular logic of the lifespan, the researchers are enabling the criminal justice system to better understand how variable such as marriage, gainful and fulfilling employment, post-secondary education, child-bearing, financial independence, all potentially have influence on a person’s development throughout their life, and what could possibly derail them. The interesting logic here, is that what used to be considered normal markers such as the variables listed above are altering due to a ever-changing society. For example, the researchers mentioned that single parents are now more prevalent however; this can still be a great marker in relation to desistance from crime through the

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Fifth, the specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favorable or unfavorable. Sixth, a person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of the law. Seventh, Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. Eighth, the process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning. Lastly, while criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values, since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values.

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The court system should acknowledge the offenders past and realize that the reasons they are committing crimes are not their free will, it is elements in their past that have caused them to act in a deviant manner. Furthermore, Cullen and Johnson (2017) agree by stating, “science has demonstrated that un-chosen individual traits (e.g., temperament, self-control, IQ) and un-chosen social circumstances (e.g., family, school, community) can be

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One of the most debated topics throughout the world is nature versus nurture. When psychologists debate this topic, they are studying what influences a person’s personal development. Some say that a person’s nature influences personal development while others say a person’s nurture influences personal development. A lot of people spend time contemplating which one actually does the influencing but what some do not realize is that, perhaps, both nature and nurture help shape a person’s personal development. One topic that comes up quite often is whether or not a person is born a criminal.

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Furthermore, the psychology of criminal behavior, psychology, and criminology all have a primary objective of achieving an understanding of the variation in the criminal behavior of individuals (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Empirically, the study of variation in criminal behavior is done by the studying of covariates (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). The primary covariates that PCC studies are biological, social, and psychological (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Although, criminology tends to assess criminality at an aggregate level, in comparison to the psychology of criminal conduct’s focus on an individual level. Additionally, a psychology of criminal conduct involves applying what is learned by the studying of psychological information and methods to the predicting and influencing the propensity of criminal behavior on an individual

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