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Leviaathan Lord Of The Flies

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The Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) is the most vital work and one of the most influential philosophical texts produced during the seventeenth century. It was written partly as a response to the fear Hobbes experienced during the political turmoil of the English Civil Wars. The arguments presented in the text are in favor of an absolute monarchy, which needs to rule with an iron fist. Furthermore, his materialist philosophy was based upon a mechanistic view of the universe, holding that all phenomena were explainable purely in terms of matter and motion, and rejecting concepts such as incorporeal spirits or disembodied souls. Personally, The Leviathan attempted to create controversy in politics and in science, radically challenging both …show more content…

At the beginning, it was a sense for them a liberation and freedom because now they could do whatever they want, but as the story progresses they all turn to brutal, savage, and cruel individuals. This can be analyzed as a way that adult supervision (in the context of the book) was viewed as the leviathan, which sustained order and law for the boys when they inhabited in a civil state. Additionally, the boys were living in a state of nature where they are challenging each other in a inhumane way and Piggy comes to an untimely …show more content…

A Utilitarian will base his actions on the best end result or that which benefits the greatest number of people. The Utilitarian is primarily focused with the end result of an act. This view is a version of Consequentialism. For a Utilitarian believes that the morally right act is the one which tries to bring about the best possible consequence (i.e as much happiness as possible for the people concerned). Happiness for a utilitarian refers to a state of mind that is perceived desirable and in which a person feels pleasure and

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Summary Of Lord Of The Flies Chapter 4

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(Chapter 4) Time has passed after the plane has crashed and the boys have set up rules to make themselves more organized and productive. By afternoon, the sun becomes hot, and some of the boys lost their sanity due to them they seeing mirages over the water (which are illusions that the mind images but aren’t really there), but Piggy ignores them because he believes, with past knowledge, they are the effect of the sunlight hitting water. But, as night time comes, some of the boys called the “Littluns” have nightmares and bad visions of a “beastie” which they said hunts in the darkness. These boys were usually to themselves and kept their privacy, but one and a while they got “bullied” by some of the boys. Like always they would usually get some fruit and eat them, however as they chomp down at fruits the Littluns suffered diarrhea and many other stomach diseases.

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How Did Thomas Hobbes Influence Society

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During the Enlightenment era, which stretched from the late 1600’s to the early 1800’s in Europe, was the era of great philosophy thinking and science. One famous contributor of this time was a man named Thomas Hobbes, a british philosopher who shaped the thoughts on human nature and established the first ever known social contract. Thomas hobbes argued that the natural state of human nature was cruel and evil in the sense that we are all each other's enemy. The idea of an absolute monarchy appealed to him and was in his opinion the best way to govern of a society. Thomas Hobbes compiled all of his ideas and put it all in a book that he wrote called the Leviathan.

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Hobbes believed that a Leviathan was necessary to bring stability and prosperity. The Leviathan, a large, strong and intimidating Biblical creature, is a metaphor for the Hobbesian perfect government. It would bring society “to Denmark” , a country

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M. Hare’s argument, it can be seen that there exists some issues with utilitarianism. Or, simply apply utilitarianism to this world, and use utilitarianism code to make every decision is wrong since the code of utilitarianism loss consistency in real world. According to utilitarianism, the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility, or happiness. However, happiness is complex. It is generally acknowledged that people who have their physical and emotional needs satisfied and their human rights guaranteed are happy.

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Thomas Hobbes Influence

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It was then that Hobbes began his education, and exceeded expectations of his teachers at his grade schools and colleges. After the English Civil War in 1642, many people were contemplating the legitimacy of state power in England. This questioning of power is what inspired Hobbes to write the Leviathan. Like most of Hobbes works, the Leviathan was influenced by Francis Bacon, which is prevalent in Hobbes’ writing style.

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Consequentialist believe that morality is about producing the right overall consequences, and that the action brings about either happiness, freedom or survival of species. Utilitarianism is an example of consequentialism that maximizes utility (happiness). The difference between utilitarianism and consequentialism is that a utilitarian overlooks justice, as long as an utilitarian can maximize pleasure they would do whatever it takes. Consequentialist enjoy maximizing pleasure like a utilitarian, but they also take into account autonomy and justice. A consequentialist believes that determining good by measuring the outcome, if the good for all in the act is greater than the bad for all in the act, it is deemed morally good.

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Utilitarianism justifies the choice of maximising lives over profits; the morality of an action is solely dependent upon the consequences of the action. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory: what makes something good are the consequences it has on someone’s life, the externalities to society with equal consideration of interests. No one person’s preferences or wellbeing is greater than another’s. For example, a rich boy and a poor boy are both offered a cookie, however there is only one. Although society might view the rich boy’s happiness as preferential because of his socioeconomic status, their utility will have an equal contribution to aggregate utility.

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Utilitarianism is a somewhat general term for a variety of perspectives that all generally fall under the guise of this theoretical stance. In any case, I will attempt to summarize the major theoretical viewpoints of this ethical system. For the most part, Utilitarianism recognizes two absolutes in the world: pain and pleasure. Moral law follows the Principle of Utility, in other words, what motivates human beings. They found that Good has priority over the Right (Justice) (Griffin 2005, personal communication) and they make ethical decisions by determining "the greatest useful goodness for the greatest number of people (Dombrowski 2000:54).

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The main principle of utilitarianism is happiness. People who follow this theory strive to fulfill the “ultimate good”. The “ultimate good” is defined as ultimate pleasure with out any pain. It is said that the pleasure can be of any quantity and any quality, but pleasures that are weighted more important are put at a higher level than others that are below it. This ethical theory also states that if society would fully embrace utilitarianism then people would naturally realize their moral standing in the

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Utilitarianism is a normative doctrine that bases on the ethical principles, which dictates the actions of an individual and the resultant outcomes (Troyer 42). The doctrine dwells upon ethical theory, which requires one to consider the interests of others in the society before making any decision. It means that an individual should sideline his interests and focus on the happiness of other people. Some scholars like John Stuart mill emphasizes that people should not focus on the quantity of the pressure bur ensure that they attain higher quality of happiness for them to fulfill the principle of Utilitarianism. In general, the doctrine considers a situation where an individual applies morals and ethics to facilitate the happiness of the society.

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Utilitarian theory is a choice between two acts that can maximize utility for the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people (Mossier, 2013). Utilitarian takes the right proportion of utilities to promote happiness and prevent pain (Mossier, 2013). People are not happy working in an environment where people cannot read or write because it sometimes requires more work. Utilities are the expressed quality of happiness or satisfaction one gets from something (Mossier, 2013). Happiness comes in many levels of preference (Mossier, 2013).

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But some types of utilitarianism recognize morally right actions with doing some acceptable or satisfactory amount of good as in satisfying types of utilitarianism. Alternatively, some types strive to create dispositions or motives that generally promote, but not necessarily maximize, happiness, or focus on avoiding actions that cause pain and suffering. William Shaw (1999) claims that, “Two fundamental ideas underlie utilitarianism: first, that results of our actions are the key to moral evaluation, and second, that one should review or compare those results in terms of the happiness they cause or, more broadly, in terms of their impact on people’s

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Utilitarianism ethics falls in the under the consequentialism approach which determines an action is wrong or right by its consequences. Utilitarianism is an ethics principle which advocates that actions are either good or bad by the results they produce. If the action brings pleasure to the greatest number of people then it is good, if the result causes pain and grief, it is bad. Therefore, the end justifies the means – if the act will in due course bring happiness and pleasure, “the greater good”, then that act is ethical.

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