Literature Review: Introduction To Fingerprint Recognition System
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LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction to Fingerprint Recognition Fingerprint recognition is to distinguish between two human fingerprints. In order to match two fingerprints, several features of the print pattern are required including ridges and minutia points. Ridges contain three basic patterns which are arch, loop and whorl. Fingerprint recognition has become one of the most important and popular identification technique nowadays because of the accuracy of this technique is very high and the current fingerprint recognition system is sufficient for the identification and verification system that involve more than hundred users. (Anil K. Jain, Arun Ross, Salil Prabhakar, 2004)
2.2 Fingerprint Recognition System In fingerprint recognition system, there are three sub-domains, which are enrollment, verification and identification. Enrollment is the process which the user’s fingerprint data will be collected via a specific sensor and store into database after some processing. In verification mode, a captured fingerprint will be compared to the template stored in the database to validate a person’s identify. This is so call one-to-one comparison. The purpose of verification is to prevent different person using the same identify. While for identification mode, the system will conduct a one-to-many comparisons to identify a person’s identity. The system will use the captured fingerprint to match all of the fingerprint templates in the database to identify an
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2.4 Band Division and Energy Computation: The power spectrum of the signal is multiplied by magnitude response of set of 33 triangular band pass filters and in the range 300Hz-2000Hz. Sub-bands are formed by using the logarithmic spacing. The positions of these filters are equally spaced along the Mel frequency, which is related to the common linear frequency f by following formula: Mel (f) = 1125* ln (1+f/700) (3) Mel frequency is proportional to the logarithm of linear frequency and which is close to the human perceptual system. 2.5 Sub Fingerprint Generation:
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The Secure Remote Password Protocol. In NDSS (Vol. 98, pp. 97-111). [5]Xi, K., Ahmad, T., Han, F. and Hu, J., 2011. A fingerprint based bio‐cryptographic security protocol designed for client/server authentication in mobile computing environment. Security and Communication Networks, 4(5),
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5.2 GABOR-KPCA Results: Using Mahalanobis Cosine (MAHCOS) Distance Identification experiments: The rank one recognition rate of the experiments equals (in %): 80.00% Verification/authentication experiments on the evaluation data: The equal error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 4.17% The minimal half total error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 2.68%
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The Fleagle Gang was a group of four guys who robbed the First National Bank in Lamar Colorado on may 23, 1930. The leader of the gang's name was Ralph Fleagle, and he was accompanied by his brother and two other friends. They were caught by fingerprint which was the first time the FBI used a single fingerprint to ever solve a crime. When they were caught, most sentenced to hang and died in a two week period in July 1930, but Jake Fleagle was killed in a shootout (The Fleagle Gang). Ralph Fleagle, his brother Jake, Howard “Heavy” Royston, and George J. Abshier, a.k.a.
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Changes whether big or small, everyone goes through them at one point. Others however, go through such massive changes their whole attitude, and sometimes perspective on life alters. With struggling grades, Greg, A.K.A Slam, the egotistical Junior struggles to stay on the basketball team, while confronting personal issues. In Walter Dean Myers Slam! Greg (Slam) grows more mature by becoming a team player with the help from Mr. Goldstein, takes school seriously with help from Mtisha, and realizes everything in life isn’t perfect.
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People in the military are fingerprinted, and it is also required for many other occupations and organizations. When it comes time to match a fingerprint with an individual, it is quite easy due to the wide library of fingerprints the FBI maintains. This library contains the fingerprints of “more than 10%” of the U.S. population. For smaller cases, law enforcement are given access to this library directly from a police station ("Forensic Science" [Gale] 18).
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Fingerprint analysis is a method of identifying individuals based on the unique patterns of ridges and valleys on their fingertips. In Dahmer's case, investigators were able to use fingerprints to identify the remains of his victims and link them to specific crime scenes. Fingerprint analysis has been used in forensic investigations for over a century and is considered to be a highly reliable method of identification. It is based on the fact that no two individuals have the same fingerprint patterns and that these patterns remain consistent throughout a person's life. In Dahmer's case, fingerprint analysis was used to identify the remains of several of his victims, including Anthony Sears and Ernest Miller.
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The character Min in the novel “A Single Shard” is a talented potter. Although he is very good at what he does, Min has a weakness. Min’s weakness is that he is a perfectionist. He needs everything he creates to be perfect. An example that Min is a perfectionist is “Min never failed to reject his first attempt.
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Fingerprint is standard procedure when getting arrested or getting any sort of government jobs
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The shoe prints were later identified to be a match to one another and ultimately belonged to Ramirez. All of these details didn't emerge or emanate together until after Ramirez was caught. After Ramirez's arrest, authorities say his fingerprints were matched with prints found at serval of the crime scenes. Finger print comparison and identification is done by a trained forensic scientist, additionally computerized systems are used to search fingerprint databases for potential print matches. Fingerprint analysis is conducted using the ACE-V method to make a determination on the print and is done in
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Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).
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DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA.
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The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.
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Biometric face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years to use human face as a key to security. Both law enforcement and non-law enforcement are its application. Face recognition system comprises of two Categories: verification and identification. Face Verification is Done in 1:1 match ratio. It is utilized to looks at a face pictures against a Template face pictures, whose identity being claimed.
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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents a review of literature that is related to computer and digital forensics. It begins by taking a look at the meaning of computer forensics and the different areas within this field. It also explores the forensic science process and the challenges facing practitioners. The chapter then discusses social networking and its relationship with cybercrime and the role of forensics in keeping user information private and secure. It concludes by reviewing the meaning and significance of metadata information in resolving digital or cybercrime activities.
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