CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
INFLATION
(InvestorWords, 2015) stated that inflation is the increase in the general price level of goods and services in economy, normally caused by excess supply of money. Inflation usually measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). When the cost of producing goods and services goes up, the purchasing power of dollar will decrease. A customer will not be able to purchase the same goods and services as he/she previously could. Inflation rate of 1-2% per year are acceptable and even desirable in some ways (Investopedia, 2015). If the inflation rate goes up higher than 3% per year, it might be dangerous as the currency will devalue. According to (Forbes, 2014) the country with the highest rate of inflation is Venezuela, with current inflation rate of 57.30%. There are different types of inflation which are cost-push and demand-pull inflation (Investopedia, 2015). Cost-push inflation happens when we face higher prices due to the increase in cost of production and higher costs of raw materials. It is determined by supply side factors. Cost-push inflation can be caused by higher price of commodities, imported inflation, higher wages, higher taxes and higher food prices (Economics Help, 2011). Demand-pull inflation happens when there is an increase in the price of goods and services when demand increases too much that it outpaces supply (US Economy, 2015). Sometimes people refer it as “too much money chasing too few goods”. When too much people are