Review of Literature
Vector Control:
Insecticide:
“An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects” (IUPAC, 2006). These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides are known as larvicides. A suitable larvicide should have rapid and persistent action in different kinds of water where mosquitoes breed such as polluted and brackish water as well as freshwater. If used against the adult mosquitoes they are known as adulticides. Substances which inhibit the normal growth of mosquito larvae resulting in early death are insect growth regulators. Insecticides mainly synthetic pyrethroids are used for impregnation of nets.
Classification of insecticides: Insecticides used in mosquito control may be categorized in various ways for different purposes. They may be classified according to their uses based on the stage of insect life cylcle acted upon (adulticide or larvicide). They may be classified by their mode of entry into the insect’s body (contact, inhalation or ingestion), and by their mode of action against the insects (stomach poison, nerve poison,etc.). These may be inorganic, natural organic and synthetic organic.
Major classes of insecticides approved by WHO for public health
Organochlorine compounds: The organochlorine (oc) is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine
The overall purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of different types of environments on pill bug attractancy. Pill bugs were exposed to 2 different environments (sugar and water). The attractancy was observed and recorded in a raw data table. A research hypothesis was formulated that the sugar would work as the best attractant for pill bugs. Sugar had the greatest impact of the two environments used because it attracted 8/9 ants.
Insecticides are found in urban streams. Herbicides used in agricultural production are found in water from rural watersheds.
Furthermore Bartram states that pesticides and herbicides used in agriculture frequently lead to the contamination of surface water and groundwater.
According to Harrison pesticides in water aquifers are not easily degraded and persist in the aquifers due to reduced microbial activity, lower
This paper will discuss a major concern that is happening with ash trees in the United States. A small beetle has been infesting and destroying ash trees in many northern states. This paper will be specifically focusing on a small town, LaGrange, Indiana, to find answers to the many questions for this project. I wanted to see what kind of an impact the Emerald Ash Borer had on the environment, and if there could be any impact on human health. Along with the impact these beetles had on the environment I hoped to find out how the Emerald Ash Borer arrived in the United States, because it is an invasive species, and to find out how they were moving so rapidly through northern states.
Pesticides such as lampricides and chemicals are being used to target invasive species such as purple loosestrife and sea lamprey. Since prevention is not always guaranteed, these lakes should be closely monitored for invasive species and in a case where it occurs rapid eradication should be practiced to prevent their growth and save further
The US sprays 16 million acres of Naled every year which has been linked to neurological defects which raises concern. While the insecticide is approved to be safe for crops and water supplies, it is recommended to wash produce and avoid direct contact. Although there is little risk for the environment while using Naled, wildlife is not as safe. There is threats to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. The risks begin before the insecticide has fully broken down which does not persist for long periods of time.
Bed Bugs are on the rise in New York City! The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) is responsible for the infestation of numerous homes, hotels, and transportation systems in the United States and Internationally. In 2005, bed bugs were an issue of developing countries and occurred most often in travelers (cdc.gov). Now bed bug incursions can be found throughout the United States, more importantly in NYC. Infestations mainly occur in unsanitary conditions or latch on to used furniture and mattresses often discarded on the streets (nyc.gov).
Although most children look forward to being out of school, many of them get bored very quickly. The good news is that there are many ways that you can keep your children occupied this summer. Below is a list of games that your children can play to keep themselves entertained:
Bug Hunt
Your children may be out of school, but that does not mean that they have to stop learning. Children can learn a lot about nature just by going in their backyard. That is why you may want to have a bug hunt with your children.
With the predicted increase in prescription of this pharmaceutical around the world there has been an increased interest in the effect it has on the non-target aquatic organisms.
There are always many interesting discussions about which salmon flies are the right ones. It depends a lot on the conditions, such as the weather, the seasons and the specific location. So what are the best salmon flies?
There is no one answer to this question.
1 Introduction
Argos is an UK based home retail group. It is one of the largest companies of UK that have been running around 737 companies and they have around 340 million visitors of their websites as well. According to a study it has been found that they are covering about 90% of the population of United Kingdom within their 10miles of an Argos branch. As one of the largest company in UK Argos has a decent growth rate of 20%. They have more than 130million customer and around two third of the population have taken under their catalog.
Synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, and genetic engineering may not be used.” In fact, not all food deemed organic is void of pesticides. Two of the most highly used organic pesticides are boron and nicotine, yes, that addictive substance in cigarettes, sulphate.
Throughout the Vietnam war the use of herbicides was common among both sides. Herbicides such as agent white, agent blue, agent purple, and agent orange had been used for defoliation and crop destruction. The most widely used herbicide was Agent Orange containing 1.98 part per million dioxin, a known carcinogen (dirty little secrets). The use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War had an intelligent purpose, but its impact on the areas exposed to it left its victims waiting for a government response.
At this time, there is little to no evidence that these pesticides are increasing yields from plants they are applied to. However, there has been evidence of the pesticides killing bees or causing damage to their nervous systems, which impedes their ability to forage and fly. Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health preformed a study which found that 70% of pollen and honey collected from local bees contained at least trace amounts of neonicotinoids. Levels found from these samples were enough to cause detrimental health effects. In a separate study, they found that over half of plants at a major garden store contained neonicotinoids.
Woody describes the types of pesticides that are negatively affecting pollinators. Insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides are all listed. On the list, neonicotinoids are a type of insecticide that has been in the spotlight lately (Woody 56). This kind of pesticide has appeared often in collected pollen samples, making it a prime suspect.
Neonicotinoids in large amounts will kill pollinators quickly.
Pesticides and How it Works
Abstract:
A pest is "a plant or creature unfavorable to people or human concerns". Pesticide is Chemical or natural substance intended to slaughter or retard the development of pests that harm or meddle with the development of products, bushes, trees, timber and other vegetation coveted by people.
Keywords: Antimicrobials, Antimicrobials, Herbicides
Introduction:
