Literature Review Of Slum Tourism
2093 Words9 Pages
Slum tourism is seen as economic driver of tourism development and many academics and researchers are expanding the scope of the socio-economic benefits of slum tourism. Slum tourism has special issues with a reflection on the selection of services and ways in which tourist visit the slums has increased (Frenzel and Koens, 2012). Before developing slum tourism, the concept has to be fully mapped out and understood. Many researchers and academics rather focusses on the impacts and benefits slum tourism has, rather than the meaning and the adoption of the term. Slum tourism has a wide scope and diversity, the understanding should be clear on why (motivation), how and when tourists engage in slum tourism. Tourism itself is an important phenomenon and how it links to slums/townships or favelas should be conceptualised and practiced. Slums are linked to a vast array of unwanted ideas, views and situations.Slum tourism creates themes around areas, especially around busy cities. Tourism will not end poverty, or rather in this case slum tourism will not end poverty (Schorr, 1964). Slum tourism is very much alive and evolved in South Africa. Towards the end of 2010 slum tourism researchers gathers in Bristol, in the United Kingdom to discuss "Destination Slum", it was the first international conference paying attention to the economic, aesthetic, political, historical and social dimensions of slum tourism (Second Destination Slum Conference, 2014). This
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Lennon and Folley also discussed in their book the different actions that might constitute or comprise dark tourism. Even though many factors may motivate a person to visit a dark tourism site, “It is those who visit due to serendipity” (Lennon and Folley 2000:p.23) is still the basis of dark tourism. This still did not stop them from conceding the fact that different motivators still play a big role in this form of tourism. Some motivators may include the personal connection between the visitor and the destination (Mudzanani 2014:p.165), gratitude, education, humility and superiority (2010:p.25) or emotionally visceral experiences (Kang et.al:2012).
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Looking at London’s 2012 Olympic Games as a case study for tourism development; the 2012 games resulted in a net impact of £890m on London’s tourism industry, with the visitor economy having a net boost of £600m and domestic visitors bringing in a net boost of £360m (Thornton et al, 2013). The 2012 Games attracted over 800,00 overseas visitors, although visitor numbers fell during the Games they still had provided enough pre and post-game attractions, destinations and events to keep the attraction going (Thornton et al, 2013). Hotel development is neglected when it comes to urban regeneration, therefore it needs to be addressed during tourism development (Smith, 2012). London planned a 12% increase of new rooms available in hotels before the 2012 Games, bringing the total rooms to over 123,000; this puts a huge amount of pressure on the hospitality side, to avoid struggle People 1st provided the National Skills Academy for the sector to improve skills and deliver over 65,000 employment-ready learners (Department for Culture, Media and Sport,
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The purpose of this paper was the fact that Jamaica Kincaid felt as though tourism in the land are only seeing the greater good of the land that they were visiting. Tourists are not seeing the side where the native families are struggling to get by. Are they trying to persuade the reader to adopt a new belief or habit, or to stop doing something? Jamaica Kincaid is trying to persuade the readers of her essay to understand why tourism is such a bad thing.
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The Harsh Life of the Slums in New York City During the end of the 19th century, there were a lot of economic and social problems between the government, rich, the poor, and businesses. The poor received a lot of those problems. Some of the problems were poor work conditions, child labor, and unsanitary living conditions that might have caused an increase in crime and drinking. The rich and government did not acknowledge those problems about the poor. Thus, come upon the Progressive era.
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Slums are squalid and overcrowded urban streets or districts inhabited by very poor people. All slums have different living conditions. Housing in slums is built on land that the occupant does not have legal ownership to and without any urban planning or obedience to zoning control. In slums, misconduct and bankruptcy are high. These settlements lack water, sanitation, garbage systems, storm drainage, street lighting, paved sidewalks, and roads for emergency access.
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We, architects have our own aesthetical sensibilities, but, there is beauty beyond our set standards of aesthetics. The slums and shanties that we perceive as dirty patches to our cities, have a beauty too, the beauty of struggle, survival and spirit. " For three years that used to be my bedroom and this was the kitchen, we had five toilets and our shop was on the street," says Meena who lived on the streets of Delhi after being evicted in 2008. The bedroom she pointed at, was a parking lot where cars were being replaced by unkempt jute sacks, the kitchen was a dingy pavement where a woman in a rugged saree was cooking and the toilet was a clogged public one.
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The effect of tourism on under developed nations, which was always debatable, has now become more controversial. The substantial influence of tourism has sparked the controversy over the potential impact of this on impoverished nations in recent years. As such, with its advantages come correlative disadvantages too some of which are equally as severe as the upsides. In this essay, I will delineate them all with pertinent arguments and examples before deducing a quintessential conclusion. At the outset, there are numerous reasons that affirm how rising tourism can be beneficial for under developed nations; but the most conspicuous one lies in the fact that tourism brings several economic benefit for the host nation, as it inevitably facilitates
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Time is a key element in research Design and this study will be using the Longitudinal which is where we will use not one places that deals with Dark tourism, but all the countries that have used dark tourism before and we will be looking at the development and changes that dark tourism is going to do to Jamaica. We will also be viewing how dark tourism is being utilized in the other countries that are known to practicing Dark tourism. Instruments used in survey Dark tourism in Jamaica is very interesting as it helps to showcase the rich culture and there is so much it can offer. To get a better understanding for marketable purposes as well as to aid in its development in Jamaica, much data is needed. In order to collect data for Dark Tourism in Jamaica the use of questionnaires, archival research, visits to historical sites, interviews and observations so as to re-form and analyze the situation to assist with its development.
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Benefits of Tourism Tourism is an important activity that people has undertaken for a very long time in the most countries around the world. In recent time it has been recognized as an important social and economic phenomenon. As well as its direct effect it has indirect effects both on the society and at the individual level. . The interaction between tourists and poor communities can provide a number of intangible and practical benefits. These can range from increased awareness of cultural, environmental, and economic issues and values, on both sides, to mutual benefits from improved local investment in infrastructure.
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Tourism is the income of people from one place to another place for vacation, but it can also be for business or entertainment. Tourism can either be international or domestic. Tourism has an influence on any country, either it’s for a positive impact or a negative impact. An example one might consider includes that the tourism in that individual country could possibly increase the income and positively improve the economic aspect of the country, but tourism can also negatively impact the environment. Tourism can also affect the population living in the country due to the amount of tourism which furthers the idea of more jobs need to be created for the new tourists.
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Therefore, tourism may be defined as the activities, processes and outcomes by the relationship and interaction among the tourist, government, suppliers of the tourism, the host communities and the environment that surrounding the destination which involved in attracting and accommodating of the visitors (Goeldner & Ritchie, 2009). According to Goelner & Ritchie (2009), there are four different perspectives of tourism can be identified from the tourist, business operator who providing goods and services, government of the host destination area and the local community. The first group is the tourists or visitors. They are the group who search for various travel experiences and satisfaction physically and psychologically.
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