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Literature Review On International Terrorism

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Recommended: Terrorism and its effects

Chapter Two – Literature Review

2.1 Theoretical Framework
The element of the risk as the element of tourists’ decisions has received restricted focus. The tourists are found to be exposed to the coverage of media regarding the international terrorism. It is evident that there is a fluctuating relationship between tourism and terrorism that media has highlighted for gathering actual possibilities of terrorists targeting them (Korstanje & Tarlow, 2012). Until now, there has been no theory of terrorism due to the complicated relationship between the media and tourism. Consequently, the perceived risk can outweigh the reality in establishing the behaviours toward destinations. The risk related to traveling is required to be considered in the context …show more content…

The concept of terrorism collected different meanings that domination by terror, succession of acts of violence perpetrated to instil terror, and criminal action organized bands that usually repeatedly and indiscriminately, aims to create social alarm for political purposes (Wilkinson, 2012). Thus, in all meanings of terrorism, there is a political component or references to the social environment, which inevitably leads an individual to consider at least conceptually so this phenomenon as a criminal activity with the aim of instilling terror, closely linked to political ends, ideological or social destabilization and whose ultimate purpose is to obtain some kind of power, whether ideological, political, economic, military or institutional (Combs, …show more content…

An act of violence is a terrorist has a psychological impact on a society and its people or a specific segment thereof, in terms of angst and terror, far exceeds its material consequences, which is, intentionally caused physical damage to persons or things. Thus, people who initiate or carry out terrorism and seek to affect the attitudes and behaviours of rulers or ruled. Often it perpetrated systematically and unpredictably, usually directed against targets equipped with some symbolic relevance in their respective cultural environments and institutional frameworks. Whites often opportunity, impairment or destruction which are used to transmit messages and give credibility to any threats made , which makes terrorism an extremist propaganda method both as social control. It can be practiced by very different actors and with much different purposes, among which are those of a political nature. However, to characterize it as international there would be some assumptions with respect to their objectives and dimensions. Though, there is little reasoning about both aspects of international terrorism concreteness as whether it is or not (Jackson and Sinclair,

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The objective of this essay is to explain the transformation of terrorism through the Ancient Era to the 17th century. Starting with the Ancient Era, there were a multiple number of terroristic like groups that formed during this time. For instance the Sicarii, Zealots, and the Assyrians. From the 17th century, terrorism began to change from person to person being killed, to a mass execution, for example, the Gunpowder plot, St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, and the Salem Witch Trials were all mass executions.

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The question mark and separate location would represent an important uncertainty about political activism, which we understand as legal and non-violent political protest or political action. It is beyond the scope of the present article to explore whether or how often activism leads to radicalization, that is, how often legal and non-violent political action leads on to illegal and violent political action. We expect that the answer will differ for different groups, different decades, and different cultures. Note also that the pyramid does not imply a stage theory, which would require that every trajectory to terrorism must start at the base of the pyramid and rise through each intervening level in order to reach terrorism at the apex.[24] Note that, in the pyramid model, the volcanic "magma pipe" of radicals/terrorists reaches down even into the neutral population.

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