Premenstrual Syndrome in Perspective Shaima Mufeed BIO119 Human Biology Faculty of Arts The Maldives National University October 01, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Etymoloy 3 Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome 3 Etiology 4 Treatment and Management of Premenstrual Syndrome 5 Non-Drug Treatments 5 Pharmacological Treatments 6 Conclusion and Outlook 7 References 9 Premenstrual Syndrome in Perspective Universally, an estimated 75% of women of all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds suffer from premenstrual symptoms cyclically preceding or during menstruation (Deuster, 1999). 3-8% of these women suffer from severe symptoms that hinder their functionality within different aspects of their life such as personal, social, work place or education (Deuster, 1999). The presence of such premenstrual symptoms has been coined as Premenstrual Syndrome. Premenstrual Syndrome is an umbrella term encompassing varying degrees of various physical and psychological symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle and often ceases or diminishes once menstruation begins (World Health Organization, 2015). The following literature review focuses on etymology, etiology and methods of management of Premenstrual Syndrome that are evidence based and also theorized. Etymology The terminology used for the premenstrual symptoms has undergone changes over the years. American Psychological Association (APA) first recognized it as a disorder and included the