ipl-logo

Literature Review On Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

990 Words4 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Brain trauma case study

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common and potentially devastating clinical problem. Because prompt proper management of TBI sequelae can significantly alter the clinical course especially within 48 hour of the injury, neuro-imaging techniques have become an important part of the diagnostic work up of such patients, determining prognosis, and guiding rehabilitation.8 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function, as manifested by at least one of any period of loss of consciousness; any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the accident; any alteration in mental state at the time of the accident …show more content…

This primary injury often initiates a cascade of secondary injury processes that evolve over the first few post injury days. 13 The secondary injuries can occur anytime after the impact and are potentially preventable.14 Prompt surgical intervention is necessary for good outcome. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning provides an objective assessment of the structural damage to the brain following traumatic brain injury.3 Acute CT is useful in identifying those individuals in whom deterioration is a result of a mass lesion and demonstrate extradural, subdural or intracranial haemorrhage, and midline shift, or traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage and ventricular abnormality. The ease of access and speed of data acquisition ensures that, where appropriate, patients benefit from early surgical management which has been shown to improve outcome. 15 2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of death and long-term disability in people younger than 40 years …show more content…

Because many injury victims are young, more years of life are lost in males below the age of 65 from trauma than from cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, or from cancer, in the United States, Japan, and several European countries.14, 15 In the civilian population, the leading causes of TBI are falls (35.2%), motor vehicle crashes (17.3%), blunt impact (16.5%), and assaults (10%). Falls preferentially account for TBI at extremes of age, namely 65 years. Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) are the predominant cause of TBI in teens and young adults. Penetrating TBI is far less common than blunt (closed head) injury but is associated with worse prognosis.16 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among persons in the United States. Each year, an estimated 1.5 million Americans sustain a TBI. As a result of these injuries, 50,000 people die, 230,000 people are hospitalized and survive, and an estimated 80,000-90,000 people experience the onset of long-term disability.17 Population based studies in the United States suggested that incidence of traumatic brain injury is between 180-250/100,000 population per year.12 In Europe, from studies in six countries, an aggregate hospitalized plus fatal TBI incidence rate of about 235 per 100,000 was

Show More
Related
522 Words | 3 Pages

In some ways, the growing awareness of concussions has created a new market for entrepreneurs to cash in on. The advantage of this is that there are some good products out there. However, we are also witnessing a flooding in the market with pricey products that have no scientific evidence to back them up. You also have to be careful because of certain clinics that have been opened and staffed by so-called specialists who have no training or expertise on alleviating the symptoms of brain injury. Buyers have to beware because everything from physical therapists to dermatologists to orthopedists have opened these unscrupulous clinics across the country.

Read More
1522 Words | 7 Pages

The diction used in this source is passionate while still being academic. The tone that presents this article is persuasive. Some facts that are presented include, 1.6 to 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries occur each year, more than 75 percent of these are sports related. A study that was conducted by researchers at Mayo Clinic to demonstrate the accuracy of this when determining if a player should be pulled from play. The claims made are fact-based because it is backed up by research findings.

Read More
973 Words | 4 Pages

Concussions are increasingly being recognized as a public health issue. Traumatic brain injuries, like concussions, have short and long term side effects. The long term effects of concussions are not fully known, however, it has been observed that multiple concussions have cumulative effects. (Kutcher et al., 2013). Understanding the effects of concussions on brain activity is key to developing assessments and preventing future injury.

Read More
933 Words | 4 Pages

Concussions despite being mild or severe need to be correctly attended to, as there will always be some form of effect. Concussions need to be handled correctly to minimize the risk of dangerous and life-altering outcomes. A concussion is a disturbance of brain function that involves a complex pathophysiological process and is referred to as a brain injury (Harmon et al., 2013; Echemendia, 2012). Consequently, being unconscious is a pathological state.

Read More
1359 Words | 6 Pages

“Long-term effects of concussions are very rare. Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause symptoms similar to a concussion, but individuals with TBIs often experience more severe problems with attention and short-term memory, have difficulty performing daily tasks, and report feeling ‘slower’ overall” (Long-term Effects of Brain Injuries). Brain injuries can always improve, but may never completely go away. “Difficulty making decisions or processing a lot of information, or trouble resolving problems, can have a significant impact on one 's life” (Long-term Effects of Brain Injuries). The matter is very serious and impacting the lives of many athletes around the world.

Read More
1268 Words | 6 Pages

Anyone who has had a brain injury in the past needs to be aware of the symptoms of CTE, not only for themselves, but also for the people around them. Football causes about ten times the amount of significant brain injuries compared to other popular sports (What). A sport with as much violence as football needs to be taken seriously. Children who are not aware of the consequences and the magnitude of the injuries they can sustain need to be protected.

Read More
849 Words | 4 Pages

We know everything about brain injuries and can come to a harmonious conclusion about them? Well, not exactly, there are a number of questions that still remain, even after thorough research. Does a single concussion or multiple concussions increase the risk of developing CTE or any brain disease, or is it more about the force of the blows? Does a single concussion that overlaps other concussions or separate concussions result in permanent brain damage kind of like those of which have diseases like Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases? Is there a certain amount of hits you can take to the head, or concussions, that could put you at higher risk of developing CTE?

Read More
1216 Words | 5 Pages

While a severe concussion will normally be referred to as a traumatic brain injury or TBI, normal concussions are referred to as being mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) due to the fact that a single injury of this type will not typically cause any serious long term health consequences. Several repeated mild traumatic brain injuries, however, may lead to the life-changing and potentially debilitating condition known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).” Recent evidence suggests that concussions are caused by rotational motion, rather than forward and backward

Read More
528 Words | 3 Pages

The long-term side effects of these traumatic injuries have led spectators and doctors to speculate the dangers of head on collision in sports. Furthermore, concussions lead to TBI which leads to depression and problems with their functioning. Brain injuries have led to famous NFL players committing suicide and losing their families and

Read More
1135 Words | 5 Pages

These two factors can cause serious havoc on the brain if not dealt with properly. Concussions & head trauma need to be taken more seriously & have more precautions when dealing with

Read More
849 Words | 4 Pages

Almost 58,000 concussions were reported from the NCAA, which represents 1,200 colleges/universities, in the 2001-02 season (“Head Injuries”). That is about 48 concussions per school, and 1 in every 23 athletes. Sports and recreational concussions have become a more serious issue over the past decade. Many parents, coaches, and players deem concussions not serious and resume playing in the game. The increase in concussions, mainly in sports, has a long-lasting effect on the human brain and needs to be taken more seriously.

Read More
881 Words | 4 Pages

Injuries caused from head contact need to be eliminated. Concussions and traumatic brain injuries are a very high percentage of the injuries that high school athletes sustain every year. Football is the most common sport for traumatic brain injury with 29.1% of the injuries being treated and released at the emergency room. The percent that is admitted to the emergency room is 24.7% for these brain injuries from playing football. ("Concussion Statistics for High School Sports", Lindsey Barton Straus, JD.

Read More
2321 Words | 10 Pages

The classification of TBI divided into primary and secondary injuries. Primary injuries are the direct result that have already occurred to the head by the time the patient first present for medical attention whereas secondary injuries can be preventable and it arises as complications of primary injuries (Le and Gean, 2006). TBI also divided into location (intra- or extra-axial), mechanism (penetrating/open or blunt/closed), and clinical severity (minor, mild, moderate, or severe) (Le and Gean, 2006). In Le and Gean study, the Glasgow Coma Scale (minor: GCS _ 15; mild: GCS _ 13; moderate: 9 _ GCS _ 12; severe: 3 _ GCS _ 8) is used to rule out the severity of head injury.

Read More
1802 Words | 8 Pages

A second reason that may have contributed to the heterogeneity is the definition of intracranial haemorrhage used in each study. In the adult literature Stiell et al.8 used a standardised definition after formally surveying 129 academic neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and emergency physicians. All brain injuries were judged to be clinically important unless the patient was neurologically intact and had one of: solitary contusion less than 5 mm in diameter; localised subarachnoid blood less than 1 mm thick; smear subdural hematoma less than 4 mm thick; isolated pneumocephaly; or closed depressed skull fracture not through the inner table. However, in the childhood head injury literature there was no single definition of a clinically significant brain injury and therefore some papers with higher rates of reported abnormalities on CT scanning may have been using more liberal definition than others. Also, several studies were not included because of the lack of ability to break down the data presented into child and adult

Read More
682 Words | 3 Pages

The human brain is the “command” system of our nervous system, which means it is one important pink thing inside your skull. The way our body and all of our nerves are set up, the brain consists of about 86 billion and more nerves which are connected to tons of synapses that allow us with our everyday thoughts, the emotions we feel, and the movement in our body. Speaking on the importance of the brain, it is also important on how bad it can get if there were any damage to it. Traumatic Brain Injury (otherwise known as craniocerebral trauma) is injury to the brain which results to demolition of some of the brain cells, the neurons, and parts of the brain. Most TBI’s arise from sports or accidents and occur mostly in males.

Read More

More about Literature Review On Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Related Topics

Open Document