INTRODUCTION:
This thesis evaluates the development of local government system in KP. Local government itself contains the sense of civility, civics, self service and self governance. Therefore in modern age local government has became the core of liberal democratic system. Local government is considered as the nursery of leader ship, political education and democracy. It is said “the whole edifice of democratic government is based on the basic assumption that good Government is no substitute for Local self-Government” .
Like developed states Pakistan being a developing country constitutionally conferred equal rights and opportunities to her citizens irrespective of caste, color, creed and gender. The Constitution of 1973 of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan has specifically reserved seats for women in the Parliament . To encourage the gender equality in politics the local government system evolved under the first and the third Martial law regimes in Pakistan and separate structure of law was introduced in Local councils of the federating units of Pakistan by reserving seats for women .
Likewise the Constitution of 1973 promotes participation of women in the local electoral politics and its dynamic institutions. Accordingly, their participation through representation comprised : the ratio was 12.7% in Punjab, 37% in Sind, 25.8% in Baluchistan, and 2.9% in NWFP (Presently Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) . Under the local government ordinance of General Musharaf rule, the representation
Historically, women have been excluded from political institutions and they remain the group with the most marked inequality between demographic weight and representation on decision-making bodies. While it is correct to argue that women have been and continue to be excluded from political institutions, it is less valid to assume that they have refrained from political
“The 2004 Constitution provides that women cannot be precluded from owning or acquiring land or non-land assets” (Afghanistan). This law allowed women to provide shelter for themselves if there were no men in their lives. Right of land ownership increased their level of
The over-reliance on one person to make decisions for an entire city results in heavy corruption and poor city planning. Initiatives are quickly approved and put into action with a strong mayor who can make city-wide policies, but there is plenty of room for corruption within this system. With more representation from communities dispersed across the city, there are more compromises and discussions that ensue within municipal decisions, but the increased amount of feedback from communities with different interests can ensure that the perceived best option is being pursued. Furthermore, the proper education of how an individual’s municipal government is structured will increase the transparency and accountability of a government because citizens would be able to trace where the decisions are being made more accurately instead of merely blaming the figure-head of their community. Citizen’s could learn about their municipal government through disseminated pamphlets, as well as online on the city government website through concise, plain language descriptions of various
Shreya Niroula GOVT 2306 Professor Sherry Sharifian 28th April 2017 Local Control in Texas Local government is an administrative body who handle, serve and communicate with the people living in a small geographical area. Whereas the control which they have over the area is known as local control. These bodies come under the state and federal government.
The Women of the Pennsylvania General Assembly:
Explaining Women’s Representation in Pennsylvania State Politics
Abstract
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is ranked 39th of the 50 state legislatures for its proportion of female legislators. Women constitute 17.8% of the bicameral legislature, including nine of 50 senators and 36 of 203 representatives. The structure of the Pennsylvania General Assembly appears to provide numerous barriers to women’s entry.
Most of the time the State and Local government is what most people will deal with when there are problems or things that they want to change. One of the most basic forms for local movement is the city council. The city councilmen and the mayor comprise of a team that works to keep their city safe and functional for the people living in their
Western alienation is described as “a feeling of resentment by some inhabitants of western Canada against perceived favouritism by the national government towards the western provinces” (Collins, 2015). This alienation from the government can also be seen and demonstrated in the Senate, leading the growing western provinces to be underrepresented.
The current system of allocating seats has not been significantly changed since confederation (Boyer, 2014).This has caused the alienation of provinces and discourse throughout regions due to the lack of considerable representation and recognition of distinct attributes and needs of provinces who are grouped together when they should be considered a region on it’s own (Boyer, 2014, 221-223). The
The United States is one of the best countries for women, making their first move on women’s rights in 1848. This was placed in New York enabling equal law and voting rights for women. On the other hand, Pakistani women do have the
Nowadays our world is changing hourly – its political, social and economic global picture depends on the decisions (more or less important, but still important), which are taken every minute. Sometimes it seems that all significant events have taken place, moreover it was a long time ago. At the same time we forget that there are areas of life, our daily lives, which have been completely different recently. In modern Western societies the right to receive education and to vote for women is natural part of life, contrast to the Third world counties, where women still do not have opportunity to take part in decision-making and influence various spheres of life in their countries. Skeptics may wonder: “What is so special about the fact that women are allowed to vote?”
1.2 Background
Females are an integral part of human civilization. No society or country can ever progress without an active participation of female in its general development. The status of female in society is directly linked with social and cultural traditions, stages of economic development achieved, educational levels, attitude of the society towards women, social and religious taboos, women's own awareness and political attainments.
Through the centuries, the image and the role of female have been observed and studied in various ways, and the acquired knowledge has been recorded in literature, works of art, religious texts, mythology and codes of social behaviour.
Women’s Rights in Afghanistan
As Afghanistan has evolved over time, the rights of its citizens have altered accordingly. The women’s population experienced a great amount of change as this country has seen a range of leaders who have ultimately decided their fate. These women have grown to be accustomed to disparaging expectations and standards as they are treated inferior to men. Women’s rights in Afghanistan have been largely impacted by the country’s past and current political state, as well as the imbalanced standards women in the current society have been obliged to follow.
INTRODUCTION
We belong in a time where the world goes through constant changes. Life today is so fast-paced and dynamic that we sometimes knowingly ignore what 's happening around us since it may instantly change anyway. The Philippines specifically, have gone through great changes in the past several years. These changes have rooted from problems that made it impossible for us to develop and progress as a country.
INTRODUCTION
Geo Politics is defined as the impact created by a country on other neighbouring countries due to its Geopolitical position. This impact also affects the politics of the region as a whole. Pakistan is at a location which is of great importance in political ,strategic and economic sectors. It has been centre of activities of great powers since the start and has witnessed intervention of three great powers i.e Britain, USSR, and USA.
Pakistan is located in Southern Asia and shares border with four countries which include India, Afghanistan, China and Iran all of which are of great importance in the international politics and play a major role in it.
