Marketisation Of Care

The Marketisation of Care for Older People
Introduction
This chapter discusses the theoretical framework of this study - ‘marketisation of care’- which concerns the application of markets, market principles, and market mechanisms in the field of social care (Daly and Lewis, 2000; Bolton and Wibberley, 2014, Glendinning, 2012, Brennan et al., 2012, Shutes and Chiatti, 2012, Nyssens et al., 2012, Williams and Brenan, 2012). It includes the background, rationale, processes, and impacts of marketisation of care.
In the first section, the ‘care diamond’ (Ochiai, 2009, Razavi, 2007) theory, a useful tool to elaborate care regime models, is applied to describe the background of how the marketisation of care develops. Corresponding to the ‘mixed economy

As Williams and Brennan (2012) argued, the marketisation of care is a common trend across different countries (e.g. England, Sweden, Finland, Spain, Italy, Australia, the US, Canada, Japan and Korea) in the context of widespread booming care needs. However, the marketisation of care is a path-dependent concept, which is shaped by its demographic, political, cultural, and socio-economic background and changing pathways. Based on the discussion of the classification of care diamonds, this section explores convergences and diversities among types of marketisation of care in different contexts. Examples in fields of residential care and home care have been applied for analysis in this chapter, since they share many common grounds of marketisation of

‘Care diamond’ is a multi-dimensional concept, which combines two multi-dimensional concepts of ‘mixed economy of welfare’ and ‘social care’. The mixed economy of welfare concerns different sectors in the ‘three-dimensional account’, namely provision, finance and regulation (Powell, 2007; Seok, 2007; Soma et al, 2011). As Powell (2007) examined, these three dimensions could be practically measured and relate to different types of control: provision can be measured by ownership of resources (hierarchical control); finance can be measured by monetary terms (financial control); regulation can be measured by levels of control or power in shaping behaviour (political authority). Daly and Lewis (2000) illustrate three dimensions of social care – labour, normative framework (social and familial obligation and responsibility), and costs (financial and emotional supports). Figure 1 and 2 show dimensions of mixed economy of welfare and social care. Both mixed economy of care and social care include the services and finance of care, while those supports to older people are more refined in each dimension in the social care model proposed by Daly and Lewis (2000). However, the regulation dimension is not included in social care