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Masculinity In Imperial China

348 Words2 Pages
Male masculinity is an important concept around the world because it demonstrates and justifies the male authority over female. Throughout history the concept of polygamy is not uncommon in many cultures, and while the elite class in imperial China might have practice polygyny, several wives sharing one husbands, something that was consider as normative, it has brought to my attention that the lower class was involved in what society deemed as taboo, polyandry, the act of one wife with multiple husbands. Although polyandry bring shame and dishonor to the husband’s family, as implies in Matthew Sommer’s Polyandry and Wife Selling in Qing Dynasty China: Survival Strategies and Judicial Interventions, it seems like these husbands were forced to
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Before Buddhism’s rise to popularity, Han China focused on distinctive practices, such as the Confucian way. This raises the question, how did Buddhism affect the role of women in China after the popularity of the Confucian practices in the Han Dynasty? Ban Zhao’s Lessons for a Woman explain how based on the Confucian doctrines, a woman’s fundamental duty was to serve others by putting others before herself, and this is observed even from their birth, all the way to their duties as a wife. In contrast, Buddhism, would change women’s role positively because they were regarded as equals to men, and they had agency, as illustrated in the Buddhist Doctrines and Practices by Wei Shou et al. However, some scholars may argue that Buddhism did not

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As seen in Greenhalgh’s and Winckler’s book, the one-child policy resulted in many single daughters, who received all the attention from their parents and while it may have been a blessing to some, many of the “hottest and best paying jobs… are open exclusively to young women with good looks and sex appeal,” (Doc D). This statement portrays that women are thought of as objects, with prospective employers only looking at their physical appearance, not caring for their education of inner self. However, this also portrays the gender inequality exhibited by China, and shows that women in China only receive jobs because of how they look. This compares to Fitzpatrick’s article, as the practice of female infanticide, killing female infants, also became common practice in some area’s after the one-child policy was put into use (Doc E). It had long been known in China, that boys were more valuable than girls, and this practice further goes to show the chasm, between boys and girls in Chinese society.

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In the Chinese society men were to be respected and held dominance over women. Men performed tasks to provide for their families and the duty of women was to remain at home and care for the children.

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Culture in civilizations in East Asia changed when patriarchy in China strengthened seen through the popularization of foot-binding and the status of merchants elevating. Nevertheless, it also had continuities such as China’s very prevalent ethnocentric

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During Chino’s final year at Art and Design, he was introduced to futurist who Chino wanted to do what they did as well help rekindle culture since it was dead. So they wanted to start everything from a base. Chino felt that even though they were from upper middle class, he still could relate the anger they felt even if Chino was lower class. Chino wanted to reinvent himself so he can have a better life than his parents had. This is when Chino is introduced to being more aware of his environment that he started to notice his community needed to be upgraded.

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“Now of happiness there is none greater than the confirmation of one’s line, of unfilial conduct there is none worse than childlessness. The monks forsake wives and children, reject property and wealth, Some do not marry all their lives.” In China, having a family is crucial. To the monks, family is just another pleasure that they do not need. “Wives, children, and property are the luxuries of the world, but simple living and inaction are the wonders of the Way.

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According to Merriam-Webster, a concubine is defined as “an unmarried woman who has sex with a man and lives with the man and his wife or wives.” Polygamy is defined as “the state or practice of being married to more than one person at the same time” (Merriam-Webster). King Mongkut is accountable for participating in concubinage and polygamy by having multiple wives and partners. Anna Leonowens also writes of gender inequities in the harem of Siam. Women are taken advantage of as physical and sexual slaves.

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Han, Tang, and Song Patriarchies Patriarchies are an important continuity throughout the history of the world. Every society in history had some sort of patriarchy. However, no two patriarchies were ever exactly the same. Patriarchies and the gender roles that came with them varied from civilization to civilization, and they were influenced by different aspects of culture. One important aspect is religion.

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In an egalitarian society where, human rights are at the forefront of every legal matter. It is no surprise that the “UN Human Rights Committee and the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) have condemned polygamy in no uncertain terms.” (ABA) They cited that the practice of polygamy should

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Qin Dynasty In Qin Dynasty, people had very hard life because of their cruel emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Qin Dynasty is located on west China. Which means, their nationality is China. Their early life of Qin Dynasty was hard working, industrious days for farmer and peasants. They always need to grow crops.

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The causes and effects of the decline and fall of Han China during the classical era had similarities and differences when compared to the political, economic, and social causes and effects of the decline and fall of Rome during the Classical era. First of all, the political causes of China’s decline and fall centered mostly around corrupt government officials. Corrupt officials would not pay taxes which upset the peasants and in turn caused political unrest among the Chinese people. Similarly, Roman emperor Caligula didn’t care about the well-being of the Roman Empire and instead preferred spending his time partying and having orgies which bankrupted Rome and led to a raise in taxes. As a result of raised taxes political unrest began to spread throughout Rome.

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Even in the informal culture of family structure, not dictated by the government, it was very rare to see Manchu banner women marry Chinese men, but very common to see bannermen having multiple Chinese wives. Furthermore the children of these marriages were never Chinese, all were considered to be Manchu (The Search for Modern China

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Throughout history the existence of patriarchy has threatened women’s rights to equality and self-determination. Patriarchy manifested itself in the marriage practices of early modern European society and became the foundation on which couples built their love and partnership. During the sixteenth century, literature describing ideal wives and husbands was a popular genre, but works about female gender roles were more prevalent. The Bride, a poem published by Samuel Rowland’s in 1617 details the duties of a good wife and life partner.1 The duties listed in Rowland’s poem were very common for women at that time and can also be seen in Steven Ozment’s book, Magdalena and Balthasar. Ozment’s book documents the relationship of Nuremberg Merchant Balthasar Paumgartner and

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Monogamy was insisted upon, divorce and re-marriage became more difficult. Concubinage, though it could not be abolished, ceased to be lawful. A general rule is that respect for women is only found in a society in which monogamy is the rule. We must distinguish between the affected idolatry which was enjoyed by the customs of chivalry and the equality which was upheld by the Church.

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Masculinity (also called boyhood, manliness or manhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors and roles generally associated with boys and men. But the culture doesn’t end at the definition, it starts from there. The first thing to come to mind when the word masculinity is heard is usually a man flexing his gigantic muscles, as the word might sound to suggest, and that right there is the current culture of masculinity because sadly, in the world we live in, not everyone has a “muscular body”. So far we know the concept of masculinity, but the culture is what is truly hampering.

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