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The Framing Theory

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To support our research we accumulated a number of scholarly articles, in which we analyzed in relation to our research question. We started by researching the framing theory, which is the concept of viewing an issue individually rather than looking at the bigger picture. The framing theory in media is when the focus is put on one event rather than putting it in context. It is also related to the agenda setting theory, in which a certain agenda or interest encoded in to the method. In the journal article “framing, the news media, and collective action” Charlotte Ryan speaks about the theory of framing and how it is applied in news media and he also analyzes news material in which framing is used to convey a certain message (2001). Ryan discusses …show more content…

In the Journal of Political Economy the article “ Media Bias and Reputation” the author tackles the issue of bias representation of the news that effects peoples perception (Gentzkow & Shapiro, 2006). The authors give real life cases of media biases from newspapers such as the New York Times, Al Jazeera and other major news outlets. They also focus on how media biases affect credibility, quality and the reputation of news pieces. Gentzkow and Shapiro give insight on how to understand media biases, which gives the reader an advantage in reading and understanding news more effectively without falling in to the trap of preconceptualizing issues. They give the example of Al Jazeera efforts in creating a bias that is anti American in the efforts of discrediting the American media and their government. The authors believe that Al Jazeera works in demeaning American media has a strong affect on the views of their Middle Eastern …show more content…

According to David Weaver these areas of communication research are interrelated having some similar ideas however they are not identical cognitive processes (Weaver, 2007). The first level of agenda setting is concentrating on the primary important topics whereas the second level looks at the relatively important characteristics of the topics. The article mentions that second level agenda setting is very similar to framing in the sense that they both focus on “how” topics or people are shown in the media.Furthermore , the article states agenda setting and priming are known to be more comparable in cognitive processes because they both are “salience” based. Overall, Weaver believes framing researches have by far exceeded agenda setting and priming research in fame during the past decade, however framing appears to be defined less clearly of the three, theoretically or practically. (Weaver,

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The book Bias written by Bernard Goldberg explains how the liberal media distorts actual news and as a result impacts society negatively. Goldberg joined CBS News in 1972 and retired 28 years later, in 2000. Goldberg describes the distortion in present day due to no diversity of opinion in the newsroom, so no matter how many news executives go on about diversity, about ethnic, and racial diversity and how much they say we need that to go out the full story about things, they don’t seem to care much about intellectual diversity or diversity of opinions. This is why journalist can bash on a certain side or cheer the other side and wont fear about what will happen. Goldberg views Conservative news as evil and liberal media as right.

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The authors discuss branding and why it is important for news netrworks and political outrage personalities. Branding is important because it creates a trust based relationship with the « average » viewer. This idea of the « average viewer » is critical because it represents the majority of white male correspondants who dominate the industry. There is an underlying belief that these white males represent the majority and speak on issues that matter the most to those chosen group of people. These men, speak on issues that most people of this group are afraid to talk about in public, due to the fear of being labeled as ultra-conservative, racist, sexist,etc.

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September 11th was a tragic day for the American people as we witnessed the economic and military symbols of our great country go up in flames. Hijackers overcame authorities on four different planes and used them to inflict insufferable damage amongst our people. Two planes crashed into the North and South towers of what was known as the World Trade Center that ultimately caused its collapse. The collapse killed thousands of people who were trapped in and around the building and even affected other structures within the city as debris fell from the buildings and filled the streets of Manhattan, New York. A third plane was crashed into our Department of Defense otherwise known as the Pentagon and the very last plane which was directed towards

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The 2006 British film “The Queen” depicts events that unfolded after the death of Princess Diana in 1997. In the film, the British Royal Family did not react the way the public expected them to. Due to their lack of grief that was publicly shown towards Princess Diana’s death, it resulted in their actions being heavily criticised by British media and the public. Newly elected Prime Minister, Tony Blair, had to step in to help the Royal Family deal with their bad relations to the public, with the help of Diana’s ex-husband, Prince Charles. From the in-depth movie analysis, this essay will be able to show that the media is able to influence the people and their stance towards certain topics by applying these media theories: agenda setting through gatekeeping, dramatization, and two-step flow of communication.

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Arabs have many stereotypes that people tend to believe are true. The media is a very powerful tool of communication because it can show us other parts of the world that we normally don’t see on a regular basis. Therefore, people choose what they want to believe and what they want to accept as true

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At this attribute level, studies have shown the news media can transfer attribute salience of an object (i.e., issue and candidate) as well as object salience to the public (Coleman & Banning, 2006; Hester & Gibson, 2003; Kim, Han, Choi, & Kim, 2012; Kim & McCombs, 2007; Lopez-Escobar, Llamas, McCombs, & Lennon, 1998; McCombs, Llamas, Lopez-Escobar, & Rey, 1997; McCombs, Lopez-Escobar, & Llamas, 2000; Golan & Wanta, 2001). The issue level of agenda-setting is about “attention to an object,” while this level is about “comprehension of its attributes” (McCombs, 2004, p. 78). By stressing aspects of an issue or a candidate, the news media can affect the ways in which people think about the issue or the candidate (Ghanem, 1997). The news media have the power to inform people not only what issues are important but also “how to think about” issues/candidates (McCombs, 2004, p.

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In America, Media bias is everywhere, in the United States all the information that an average American received through everyday sources, the news was most likely processed through the media and told through a biased point of view, when the media gets their hands on news if it is important then it probably won’t be talked about or downplayed no matter the source like in the newspaper, radio, television, movies, as well as other outlets that the media uses, the media only seems to share the news that they find interesting, even then the media would most likely have changed the story, in what they say is just tweaked news, what actually happened and what really happened would be two different stories, also the story would be told from one person

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The theoretical framework of this thesis is based on agenda setting theory and the concept of framing. Walter Lippmann intellectually founded the concept of agenda setting. Even though Lippmann not yet mentions agenda setting namely, he does indeed elaborate the theoretical foundation and the general ideas, which essentially define agenda setting theories today (McCombs 2004, 3). “His thesis is that the news media, our windows to the vast world beyond direct experience, determine our cognitive maps of that world” (McCombs 2004, 3).

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A frame is the set up and order of a new story, with the goal of influencing the audience to favor one side or the other. Biased media frame stories can drastically change the audiences’ views and will get their ratings up. Tim Groseclose of UCLA and Jeff Milyo of the University of Missouri at Columbia have said, “For every sin of commission we believe that there are hundreds, and maybe thousands, of sins of omission – cases where a journalist chose facts or stories that only one side of the political spectrum is likely to mention.” When thinking of the media you often think they are reporting accurate information. That is not always true.

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According to Entman, “to frame is to select some aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient in a communicating text, in such a way as to promote a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and/or treatment recommendation”(1993, p. 52). Entman’s definition of framing is one of many that currently exist, but is also one that is widely accepted. Framing theory implies that the way an issue is presented (the “frame”) influences the choices people make. De Vreese (2005) puts forward the point that by framing events and issues in particular ways, the media may shape public opinion, an idea supported by Mechanic (2005) who says much of today’s media are influenced by interests that shape readers of communication

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