ipl-logo

Melamine Lab Report

890 Words4 Pages

.ABSTRACT:
Melamine is a commercially synthesized organic compound which is illegally added to milk products while processing in order to boost the apparent protein content. As Melamine cannot be metabolized by the body, it forms insoluble crystals which lead to tissue damage and renal dysfunction. So, there is a need to develop a rapid and reliable method for melamine detection. Out of many detection methods available, use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in detection is a simple and cost effective method. In this paper, the AgNPs are synthesized by three methods: borohydride reduction method, citrate capped nanoparticles and PVP capped nanoparticles and characterized for their shape and structure. It is observed that the nanoparticles synthesized …show more content…

Because of the high nitrogen content (66% nitrogen), it is illegally added to the milk to increase the apparent protein content. Addition of 1% of melamine in food causes the artificial protein content to boost more than 4% [1]. Standard tests such as Kjeldahl and Dumas tests for estimating protein in food are unable to distinguish between the nitrogen of protein and non-protein sources such as melamine, and hence, give false results. In 2008, it was reported that the consumption of melamine adulterated infant formula and dairy products in China has caused renal failure and even death of infants [2] To ensure safety and for protection of public health, maximum residue limit (MRL) for melamine in various products has been restricted to 2.5ppm in USA and 1 ppm in infant formula in China. [4]. Hence there is a need to develop a rapid and reliable method for melamine detection. Currently there are many methods of detection used like ELISA[3], HPLC, GC-MS are very expensive and requires technical expertise. Gold and silver nanoparticles have recently gained importance in the detection of various analyte due to their inter-distance solution colour and absorption spectra [5].in this paper, …show more content…

The XRD patterns were recorded using Rigaku Miniflex IIC Table Top XRD. The SEM images are obtained using Tescan Vega III SEM instrument. Malvern Zeta Sizer Nano series Nano-S instrument was used for Particle size analysis.
2.3 Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles
2.3.1 Preparation of silver nanoparticles by borohydride reduction method.
Firstly a 100 ml solution of AgNO3 (1mM) is prepared in a beaker. Then 10 ml of sodium borohydride (0.1M) is added drop wise to the beaker under continuous stirring for 6 hours. A change in the colour is observed and a solution of pale yellow is obtained. This mixture is allowed to rest for 8 hours before use.
2.3.2 Preparation of silver nanoparticles with citrate as capping agent
Firstly a 10 ml solution of AgNO3 (0.01M) is prepared in a beaker. Then 10 ml of sodium citrate (0.01M) is added drop wise to the beaker and stirred for 10 minutes. Then 10 ml of sodium borohydride (0.01M) is added drop wise to the beaker under vigorous shaking as the reaction is rapid. This mixture is allowed to rest for 8 hours and finally the yellow solution of AgNPs is stored at 4oC before use 3. Results and

Show More
Related

Tn 4351 Unit 5 Lab Report

506 Words | 3 Pages

Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.

Read More

Unknown White Compound Lab Report

1367 Words | 6 Pages

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to identify given Unknown White Compound by conducting various test and learning how to use lab techniques. Tests that are used during this experiment were a flame test, ion test, pH test, and conductivity test. The results drawn from these tests confirmed the identity of the Unknown White Compound to be sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) because there were no presence of ions and sodium has a strong persistent orange color. The compound then will be synthesized with the compounds Na2CO3 and HC2H3O2 to find percent yield.

Read More

Tetraphenylnaphthalene Lab Report

779 Words | 4 Pages

Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.

Read More

O-Vanillin Lab Report

840 Words | 4 Pages

The purpose of this experiment is to perform a two step reductive amination using o-vanillin with p-toluidine to synthesize an imine derivative. In this experiment, 0.386 g of o-vanillin and 0.276 g of p-toluidine were mixed into an Erlenmeyer flask. The o-vanillin turned from a green powder to orange layer as it mixed with p-toludine, which was originally a white solid. Ethanol was added as a solvent for this reaction. Sodium borohydride was added in slow portion as the reducing agent, dissolving the precipitate into a yellowish lime solution.

Read More

Lab Report Chemistry Lab

728 Words | 3 Pages

The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.

Read More

Unknown Lab Report

1444 Words | 6 Pages

Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.

Read More

Unknown Compound

1270 Words | 6 Pages

Lastly, the unknown compound was reacted with two different salts. For the first salt, 0.50 grams of KCl was mixed with 5 mL of water in one beaker while 0.5 grams of NaNO3 was mixed with 5 mL of water in a different beaker. Then, the NaNO3 solution was added to the KCl solution. To perform the reaction with the second salt, 0.50 grams of KCl was mixed with 5 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M Ag(NO3)2 was added. After performing each reaction, the solution was observed to see if a reaction occurred and the pH value of the resulting solution was tested using a pH

Read More

Bromohexane Lab Report

1111 Words | 5 Pages

The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

Read More

Quetiapine Fumarate Case Study

3223 Words | 13 Pages

The mobile phase used was a mixture of ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 400:600. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was maintained, and the detection wavelength was 292 nm (22). The required studies were carried out to estimate the precision and accuracy of the HPLC method and were found to be within limits [percent coefficient of variation was less than 15%]. Sample preparation briefly involved 0.4 μ membrane filter through which the sample was filtered, diluted with mobile phase, and 10 μL was spiked into

Read More

Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Lab Report

478 Words | 2 Pages

The purpose of this lab was to determine the percent water in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, or Epsom salt. The experimental percent water is determined to be 42.06% in both trials, making the average also 42.06%. To determine this percent water a heating and cooling procedure was used. First, the vials were cleaned of impurities using the lab oven and were not touched after this point.

Read More

Glutamates Lab Report

133 Words | 1 Pages

Glutamate is an excitatory nuerotransmitter that binds to receptors and lets sodium flow into the cell. Arrival of sodium ions depolirizes the membrane to threshold potential, and initiates action potential. From the Exam tables we see that humans table show that it took the membrane a longer time to reach the membrane potential compared to the time that it took in jedi's. My hypothesis is that humans glutamate receptors are somehow not folded compeletely, and making the binding site for glutamate not to be so stable. This in turn is shortening the length of time that glutamate is bound to the receptor and a shortens the time that glutamate receptor is open.

Read More

The Pros And Cons Of Trace Detection Of TNT

650 Words | 3 Pages

This aggregation of NPs resulted in enhanced SERS properties as the ‘hot-spots’ formation increased with more and more aggregation. The aggregation of NPs can be studied effectively by DLS method also, as the technique relied on the size of NPs. By incorporating a specific chemical moiety on the SERS surface, one can target the detection of a single species present in a complex sample mixture at nano to femto molar level without having to physically separate out interfering species. Very high selectivity and sensitivity offered by SERS, along with the highly informative spectra characteristics of Raman spectroscopy, allows SERS-based method a feasible alternative to more commonly used optical sensing methods [32]. Recently, Pandya et al. fabricated ultrasensitive nanocurcumin based fluorescent probe for detection of trace amount of TNT with excellent sensitivity (1 nM) and selectivity over other nitro explosives via aggregation and reported a fluorescent enhancement, upto 800 fold [26].They utilized the electron donating ability of the curcumin to form the curcumin-TNT Meisenheimer

Read More

Monosodium L-Glutamate Lab Report

1236 Words | 5 Pages

INTRODUCTION Monosodium L- glutamate (MSG) is a major flavor enhancer used as a food additive; its concentrations vary in different foods (Walker et al., 2000). Nowadays, the safe concentration of MSG in foods and its toxicity in human is still a controversial issue (Beyreuther et al., 2007). In animals, MSG at higher doses was demonstrated to be a neurotoxic salt that could alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and damage neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei. The ability of monosodium glutamate to damage nerve cells of the hypothalamus is a pointer to the fact that it may alter the neural control of reproductive hormone secretion via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis.

Read More

Mole Mass Lab Report

372 Words | 2 Pages

I. Purpose: To experimentally determine the mass and the mole content of a measured sample. II. Materials: The materials used in this experiment a 50-mL beaker, 12 samples, a balance and paper towels. III.

Read More

Benzocaine Synthesis Lab Report

536 Words | 3 Pages

In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.

Read More

More about Melamine Lab Report

Related Topics

Open Document