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Mental Disorders

2299 Words10 Pages

What makes the difference in people’s lives when they have a mental disorder?
Kaloyan Kamenov, Maria Cabello, Carolina Saskia Ballert, Alarcos Cieza, Somnath Chatterji, SENADIS, Jerome Bickenbach, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos*, Carla Sabariego
Abstract

Introduction: Persons with mental disorders experience high levels of disability in their daily life. Knowledge of the environmental factors impacting the level of disability is therefore essential to understand and influence disability. The objective of this study was to identify which aspects of the environment are the most responsible for the disability experienced by persons with MDs and whether they differ 1) depending on the severity level of the difficulties and 2) among mental health problems, …show more content…

Unfortunately, there are very few such surveys, and WHO and the World Bank (WB) began in 2012 to develop the Model Disability Survey (MDS) to fill this gap (17). Recently, data from a pilot study of the MDS was used to propose a method for identifying EFs with the highest impact on the performance of activities in daily life for different populations (17). MDS data of representative population samples offer an invaluable platform to study the EFs most commonly associated with MDs, in order to identify targets for public health interventions. These data offer the possibility to determine whether the EFs associated with MDs have the same impact on diabetes, cancer, CVD and chronic respiratory diseases. Since most countries focus their public health interventions on these NCDs, this information would give us a sense of the extent to which these intervention also meet the needs of people with MDs. Using data of the implementation of the MDS as a national survey in Chile, this study will focus on the following …show more content…

The first group consisted of 12 hindering or facilitating aspects of the general environment – health facilities, places to socialize, shops/banks in the neighborhood, places of worship, transportation, dwelling, terrain/climate of place of living, lighting of place of living, noise in the surroundings, crowds in the surroundings, workplace, and educational institution. Participants were asked whether these aspects of the environment were making it easy or hard for them to do things they need or want to do. The answers were rated with a 5-point Likert scale, where one means very easy and five means very hard. The second group of EFs assessed the level of personal Assistance. Personal assistance was represented by two questions–frequency of received personal assistance and use and need of assistance. Use and need of assistance was combined into one categorical variable with four possible answers – “person has but needs additional assistance”, “person has assistance and does not need any additional assistance”, “person has no assistance but would need some”, and “person has no assistance and does not need any”. The same applied for the third group, where the use of assistive devices related to mobility (e.g. crutches, adapted vehicle), seeing (glasses, lenses), hearing (hearing aid, TV with subtitles), work (elevator, comfortable chair), education (scanner and printer, laptop), home (door

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Treating patients with depression, schizophrenia, and other mental illnesses. Most aspects of mental illness are influenced by social factors (such as gender, social class, race and ethnicity, and household patterns) and social institutions (such as disability and social security systems, labor markets, and healthcare organizations).

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Throughout recent years, mental illness has become a belittled and “taboo” topic in a multitude of different societies. As a result, a majority of the world’s population isn’t exactly clear as to how one should approach those suffering from mental instability. Unlike physical illness, where an entire system of doctors and hospitals and medical research developed in order to cater to those who were physically ill, mental illnesses do not get nearly as much attention. Some would argue that a physical illness proves to be significantly more detrimental to one’s day to day life. However, observation of mentally ill individuals proves that mental illness can be as equally debilitating (you probably know someone in your life who has died from the

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World Health Organization (WHO) has defined disability as an umbrella term for impairments. Disability is an individual with a health condition such as Down syndrome cerebral palsy and depression, body functioning or structure on activity limitation. WHO, (2016) supported that people with learning difficulties they deserve privacy and dignity like everyone The Health and community Care Act 1990 protect people service users from abuse or neglect so that deterioration can be prevented or to promote physical or mental health and to allow independence and social inclusion. It also to improve opportunities and life chances, to help families and to protect human rights around people in need of the services. It has been argued Department of health, (2015) state that “people are living longer, which means there are likely to be more people with complex

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Mental illness has been around since the days of recorded history. People such as Aristotle, Thomas Overbury, and Jean de la Bruyere have studied the personality disorders. However, through history, people with personality disorders have been shunned and feared because of who they are. Mental illness can be obtained by genetics or injury. “Examples of mental illnesses are schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, and etc.”

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• Mental disorders are the major causes of disability in Philadelphia County • As a matter of fact, 25% of the years of most individual in this County are lost either in premature mortality or in disability • The statistics are as follows: • 40.2% of Philadelphia city County residents identified mental illness as either a major or moderate problem in the • County; 5.7% said mental illness was a major or moderate problem in their own home. In conclusion, health disparity in the county remains a persistent problem, this has to lead to certain groups being at higher risk of being uninsured, having more restricted access to care, getting poorer quality of care, and ultimately experiencing worse health outcomes. While health disparity is most of the time viewed through the lens of race and ethnicity, they happen throughout a wide range of sizes and reflect a difficult set of individual, social, and environmental factors.

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The articles main focus is to examine older youth within the foster care system and their reaction to psychological instability. The different stages of growth throughout the child/children life and what might have been the trigger to offset a change. A lot of mental disabilities are cause from a combination of dramatic factors (sexual assault, abandonment as a child, neglect) drugs, and/or alcohol. The method in which was used to gather data was Diagnostic interview Schedule for DSM-IV.

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Two biological theories for the underlying cause of Major Depressive Disorder: Monoamine hypothesis versus the Neurotrophic theory Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) more commonly regarded to as Depression is the leading cause of years lived with a disability according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) (Reddy, 2010) and affects approximately 121 million people across the globe. According to the diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV-TR, 2000) for a person to be diagnosed with MDD they must experience at least five of the nine listed symptoms. One of the symptoms had to be either a depressed mood, or if diagnosing children, an irritable mood; or a loss in interest in most daily activities.

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The social model of disability, on the other hand, focuses on the environmental factors and the availability of support structures

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Mental illness is an important topic that is rarely spoken or taught in today’s society. About half of people in the world have a mental health disorder, yet most people don’t know what it really means to have a serious health problem. There are numerous theories on why these disorders happen; additionally, some disorders in the world are still a mystery to the science community and also millions of people share these personal experiences through writing. What is Mental Health and its comparison to Mental Illness

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In this report I will discuss both the Social and Medical Models, define their pros and cons and give a short reflection on my own opinion of the two models in everyday use today. Both the medical and the social models of disability describe how they see disability and how they feel disabilities and those suffering should be treated. Both models have very different views on the causes of, how disabilities should be taken care of and by whom and both have their strengths and weaknesses when it comes to caring for those with disabilities. Medical Model

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Accessibility is a concept that essentially applies to the customization of products, services, appliances and environments in a way that enables them to be used by people who have various types of disabilities. Effectively speaking, these products and services are designed in such a manner that enables people with special needs to gain both ‘direct’ as well as ‘indirect’ access to them. At the same time, the benefits of accessibility also extend to a wider category of individuals such as senior citizens and medical patients. Assistive technology is a term that is closely associated with the concept of accessibility. For instance, the application of assistive technology is what makes electronic equipment such as computer screen readers accessible to all categories of end users, including those with disabilities or special needs.

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129).The model implies to cure, change or fix the individuals, especially when it is discriminatory and prejudiced and against the wishes of the disabled person. The problem or disability is caused by the way society responds to the needs of the disabled person. It recognizes that people with impairments are disabled by the barriers, prejudice and exclusion by society. Thus all the things that impose restrictions on disabled people ranging from individual prejudice to institutional discrimination, from inaccessible public buildings to unusable transport systems, from segregated education to excluding work arrangements, and so on’ (Oliver 1996a p 33). Thus, changes in social attitudes, social support, information, physical structures is required because

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The report further argued that the disability prevalence is higher for developing countries with about one-fifth of the estimated global total experiencing significant disabilities (6). In South Africa disability is concern and most disabled people face major physical and attitudinal barriers in their communities. Prevalence estimates disabled persons vary considerable between and within nations, and in many countries data on disabled children is lacking especially in low income countries (7). In South Africa the National Disability prevalence is estimated at 7, 5%, and disability is more prevalent amongst the elderly and females as compared to male counterparts (8, 3% and 6, 5% respectively). The prevalence of specific type of disability shows that 11% of persons aged five years and older had seeing difficulties, 4,2% had cognitive difficulties, 3,6% had hearing difficulties, and about 2% had communication, self-care and walking

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