Mesopotamia And The Neolithic Revolution

A transition from Paleolithic times marked the first few cradles of civilizations. From small tribes, individuals dispersed into civilizations. With this spark of agriculture came the both negative and positive contributions to geography. As a result of the Neolithic Revolution came two prosperous civilizations; Mesopotamia and Egypt. Both of these societies were highly impacted by their geography. Geography affected Mesopotamia’s and Egypt’s government and religion. Mesopotamian government was very static while on the other hand, the Egyptian government was more stable. In addition to this, Egypt believed in an afterlife and had a positive perspective toward the gods, while Mesopotamia detected physical death as a definitive end and believed

Although both establishments had a social hierarchy incorporated in their government. Mesopotamia had a very static government while Egypt had a more stable rule under their government. This difference was a direct result of constant invasions in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia experienced multiple threats since it was vulnerable because of its geography. Surrounding Mesopotamia were hills which very navigable, allowing for more invasion in Mesopotamia. With each invasion came new beliefs changing government each time. Meanwhile, Egypt was surrounded by desert, therefore, fewer people sought to invade Egypt. As a result, Egyptian government evolved, however, gradually when compared to Mesopotamia’s. Despite the difference, both civilizations are alike in the fact that both had a social hierarchy in their government systems. This social hierarchy sparked as a result of time playing an impact on geography. Since the geography of the two civilizations promoted agriculture, resulting in wealth. Soon enough, there were people who had accumulated more wealth and those who had received less. This difference between these two groups allowed for a social hierarchy with time, this ventured into government and into every aspect of an individual’s

Mesopotamia believes gods are very harsh and punishing. On the contrary, Egypt is very thankful to the gods because of their accomplishments. This different outlook is a result of geography. Since the Nile flooded more predictably, allowing for preparation for floods, Egypt was less affected by floods, therefore, realizing gods were on their sides. Also, Egypt was protected by surrounding the desert preventing invasion from a foreigner lessening their chance to crumble. However, the constant and unpredictable flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates made the situation inevitable. To add on to the tensions, Mesopotamia was vulnerable to foreigners since there was no natural border preventing invasions. As a result, Mesopotamia was pushed to believe that the gods were very severe and harsh. This perspective also led to Egyptians believing in an afterlife and Mesopotamia viewing death as an end. This claim is evident as a result of the Epic of Gilgamesh and tombs found along the Nile River Valley. In spite of, the difference they are also similar. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia practiced polytheism. It was believed that Gods contributed to geography. Since there are multiple parts of geography in both Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was seen as if there are a lot of Gods, each God contributes to a certain aspect of